Rotavirus Essay - 717 Words

Every year it kills approximately 1 Million children world wide. The invader sneakes in unnoticed, takes over, all the while increasing in number as it goes. These children are falling victim to a rotavirus responsible for severe pediatric diarrhea. This rotavirus takes over in the human digestive tract, invading its cells and hijacking its protein synthesis machinery. This inhibits normal protein production in favor of a virus army. Children affected by this have had no chance of recovery, but now a glimmer of hope is visible on the horizon-a cure, whose secret lies in the virus unique structure-a tunnel, which, like the fate of the virus, could be sealed. So, what is the Rotavirus actually doing Our bodies consist of†¦show more content†¦Whereas normal RNA has a poly-A tail which triggers protein synthesis with a protein called PABP, the Rotavirus does not have these proteins. Instead, it uses a different protein called NSP3. What is being done about it? In order for researchers to begin to find a cure, they began looking at the structure of the viral protein and how the virus actually attaches itself to the host machinery. Researchers hoped that this knowledge would give them an idea of how the virus take-over could be prevented. The researchers used several different methods to determine the structure of the NSP3 protein. The method that yielded the most information was the Crystallographic Analysis. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS: This process allows the researchers to determine the structure of the viral protein bound to the virusmRNA. This is done by creating a crystal containing an array of ordered NSP3 proteins bound to RNA. X-rays are then shined on this co-crystal structure. The angles at which the light bounces off the atoms produce a diffraction pattern on a detector. From the positions of and intensities of the spots, dense areas of electrons are identified. These areas correspond the location of the atoms within the protein structure. What was determined Through Crystallographic Analysis, researchers were able to determine the structure of the viral NSP3 protein. The NSP3 protein isShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of The Rotavirus Vaccine Essay1878 Words   |  8 PagesEffectiveness of the rotavirus vaccine in New Zealand infants between 8 weeks and three years old Abstract Background. Rotavirus is a gastrointestinal illness characterized by vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach ache and a fever. Children less than three years old are particularly at risk of dehydration from the sudden vomiting and diarrhoea, which can require hospitalisation. A vaccine against rotavirus was recommended globally by WHO in 2009, and it has recently been approved into the New Zealand immunisationRead MoreThe Cost-Effective Analysis of a Rotavirus Immunization Program for the United States759 Words   |  3 Pages The â€Å"Cost-effectiveness Analysis of a Rotavirus Immunization Program for the United States† article was performed to estimate the economic impact of a national rotavirus immunization program. The research question being addressed is if the implementation of a rotavirus vaccine program would be beneficial and cost effective. These are policy relevant questions because it will determine if a rotavirus vaccine program will be cost effective and valuable enough to employ. These research questionsRead MoreCost-effectiveness Analysis of a Rotavirus Immunization Program for the United States1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Cost-effectiveness Analysis of a Rotavirus Immunization Program for the United States† was designed to estimate the economic impact of a national rotavirus immunization program. The research question and objective of the analysis was to determine if a rotavirus vaccine immunization program would be beneficial and cost effective. The study is poli cy relevant because it will determine if a rotavirus vaccine immunization program is effective enough for implementation and will assist in settingRead MoreShould Vaccines Be Required For Children?1415 Words   |  6 PagesA CDC study claims that: â€Å"children under five with the flu are contagious for about eight days, and it costs their parents an average of 11 to 73 hours of wages (about $222 to $1,456) and $300 to $4,000 in medical expenses. Children with rotavirus are contagious for up to 30 days. There was an outbreak of measles in San Diego on January 2008 that gave rise to eleven unvaccinated children catching measles and a resulting net public-sector cost of $10,376 per case (or, $123,512 total) due toRead MoreReduction of Diarrheal Diseases in Under-Five Children in Lagos, Nigeria970 Words   |  4 Pagesis growing evidence that diarrhea can be prevented through the approach that includes among other things exclusive improved sanitation and hygiene, exclusive breastfeeding, access to safe drinking water and, as well as by using vaccines, such as rotavirus vaccines. In the city of Lagos, that these approaches are currently implemented. Improved sanitation and hygiene in Lagos state, Nigeria In the view of addressing diarrheal diseases in Lagos, schools and community based programs several interventionsRead MoreRotavirus Disease Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesSpread of rotavirus infection can be controlled on farms by isolating the affected foals, strict hygiene and disinfecting stalls and equipment. Treatment To control dehydration and electrolyte loss isotonic fluids @ 60 to 80 ml/kg body weight should be administered, according to the hydration status. Paste of astringent bismuth sub salicylate @ 20 mg/Kg body weight, orally for 3 to 4 times in a day should be given. Administration of activated charcoal @ 0.25 to 0.5 g/kg body weight once daily helpsRead MoreMeasles / Mumps / Rubella ( Mmr ), Inactivated Poliovirus, And Rotavirus1261 Words   |  6 PagesMeasles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR), Inactivated Poliovirus, and Rotavirus are just a few examples of vaccines recommended for children by the Center for Disease Control. These vaccines are recommended for children in order to prevent the contraction and spread of diseases that have been controlled in recent years, eradicated from our country, or that we are hoping to prevent from being introduced. According to an article published by TIME Magazine, 1 in 10 parents choose to â€Å"opt out† of vaccinating theirRead MoreLab Report On Labo ratory Equipments And Apparatus1483 Words   |  6 PagesCompany Country DNA ladder 100bp Promega USA Green master mix Promega USA Interleukin 6 and interleukin 17 Elabscience USA One step rotavirus device Abon biopharm China RNA extraction kit Ribo-sorb Italy Rapid chromatography test for rotavirus Rapid chromatography test for rotavirus The test contains anti –rotavirus antibody coated particle and anti –rotavirus antibody coated on the membrane. RNA Extraction Kit RNA Extraction Kit Materials: †¢Ã¯â‚¬  Lysis Solution †¢Ã¯â‚¬  Washing Solution †¢Ã¯â‚¬  Sorbent †¢Ã¯â‚¬  RNA-eluentRead MoreList And Describe Several Pathogens That Can Cause Gastroenteritis Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages1. List and describe several pathogens that can cause gastroenteritis in children. - Rotavirus: is a common cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Rotavirus is a non-enveloped, double-shelled virus with a double-stranded RNA genome. The virus is capable of infecting the epithelial cells of small intestine, leading to decrease in production of digestive enzymes and cell death. As a result of epithelial cells damage, the absorption of fluids by small intestine is interrupted whichRead MoreThe Effects Of Vaccination On Children And Children989 Words   |  4 Pagesdiseases children might experience is rotavirus which is major cause of severe acute gastroenteritis or AGE. Previously it infected nearly every child in United States by age of 5 years old until â€Å"routine rotavirus vaccination on United States infants began in 2006† (245). There were two studies conducted that proved that vaccination protects children from certain diseases. (name of the study) provided many rated based on their study and it showed that â€Å"rotavirus vaccinat ion had dramatically decreased

Social Medias Effect on Democracy free essay sample

Democracy: Weighing the Negatives and Positives Iman Mustafa 500433590 11/14/2013 have achieved this glorified form of governing. Democracy in its own way is a procedural system, in by which the people set the steps and the government enforces them. This system consists of elections in which representatives are elected in all positions of government for a set period of time. During said time, they are obligated to fulfill and aid the publics needs to the best of their ability. In todays international community an image of good vs. evil has been painted to represent the ations which embody the democratic system good against those who dont follow the system . Democracy in itself has become a very controversial topic in the sense that its not really a true representation of the citizens. The criticism towards democracy dates back to pre-Christ times, where Aristotle viewed democracy as something that is not for the greater good but as a gateway to the poor (who held majority) to take away from the wealthy. Moreover, there has become a growing trend within nations worldwide, mainly from African and South American origin, here governments claim to hold a democratic system. Yet in most cases these nations can only really be considered as an elected dictatorship, is much different from a true democracy. However, the criticism of the democracy lacks to triumph over the much more evident advantages that are a result of this governmental system. While there are many sides to democracy, it is evident that democracy is the best choice to government rule. Thus proving that the statement; Democracy is the worst form of government ever invented . except for all the rest is accurate in its findings. Democracy is the political system in which the power is within the citizens and they are allowed to elect the people they think are best to represent their views and beliefs. It has many advantages but the main advantage of direst democracy is that the citizens have a great sense of involvement with the decisions of the government and what the governments initiatives are with the policy. In a democracy, the youth are educated. From birth they are taught that their voice matters and their vote counts. These are rights they must fght to maintain and will rosper from. No, democracies are not free of flaws; some say that there is no way that something as simple as a popular vote could null the evils of unlawful power or social inequality. These woes are valid, but democracy can work. There are still consequences to right wrongs, and laws to help keep peace and balance. There is a difference between freedom and chaos. Also, it allows the most important have much power with the decision making. Policy and the decisions are made with the awareness of the citizens in order to make the process as fair as possible. There re many positives with democracy; it can provide changes in the government without the use of violence. It can allow power to be easily transferred from one party to another through elections. The citizens are the ones determining who the ruling authority is. If citizens are not happy with their government, they can easily use democratic decisions in order for them to remove the government without the resort of violence. By involving the population as a whole in governing, the interests and values of different parts of the population are more likely to be reflected in decisions han if decision making is left in the hands of a single individual or a particular group(69). Moreover, the government must compete against each other (parties) in order to gain authority due to the fact that most authorities are elected by the citizens. This is the best way to prevent a ny dictatorship authority where the citizens have no say. Such allows the citizens to feel obligated to be active with elections and with their nation. When an authority wins, they owe their winning to the citizens because they have chosen the best leader for their country. The citizens gain a sense f participation when choosing their government. They get the opportunity to voice their opinion by electoral votes. By providing political freedom, citizens can express their views, organize to influence the laws and policies of the government and have a free and informed choice of elections. They also feel the belongingness towards society which makes a more peaceful, and with much freedom society. Without democracy, society suffers. In dictatorships there is no such thing as freedom of thought or creativity. A country cannot work well if others opinions are not ppreciated. With only one opinion adhered to, the country will be at a standstill. Each decision made with no consideration for those affected, and when every time the system overlooks another citizen, every personal right stolen causes more suffering for society. With such dictatorship the citizens will explode in anger and they will revolt. This has happened many times in history. Our own country was built from this frustration and the fight for freedom. Without democracy, we lack progress in thought, technology, and polices; society is halted. While many can argue the ositives to a democratic system, there are still many that believe that democracy is ruling out the minority. Aristotle viewed democracy as something that is not looking for the common good but as a way for the poor who are the majority to take away from the rich. The majority is not always right and can easily be made ignorant and led astray, taken advantage of and/or destroyed by corrupt neocon power mongers. Ordinary people will make bad decisions and it has been proven also, they will abuse the power. Democratic systems seems to be good when everything is alright but hen there are tough decisions dictatorship is needed. The common masses may not be aware of the political issues in society. This can result in people making the wrong choices when electing people. As the government is subject after every election term, the authorities may work with the short-term focus. Another disadvantage about democracy is that citizens can be easily influenced, making the majority. They can be compelled by the opinions of those around, a person may not use their own judgement when they are voting. Every form of government is bound to have some

Emerson And Feudalism Essays - Feudalism, Examples Of Feudalism

Emerson And Feudalism "America was opened after the feudal mischief was spent, and so the people made a good start." Was Ralph Waldo Emerson correct in that assertion? Why or why not? ? How were a person's rights and responsibilities determined in the feudal era? How are a person's rights and responsibilities determined in the United States today? ? What evidence is there in the U.S. Constitution that Americans rejected or accepted beliefs that were commonly held in the feudal era? To begin to fully understand what Emerson really meant in his speech from Boston's Old South Church, we must break it down. First, when Emerson speaks of the feudal mischief being spent, he means that the peak of the feudal era has passed in Europe when the colonists began to arrive in North America. In the second half Emerson asserts that because the colonists came over to America to build their own governments, without the influence of feudalism. These governments, free of feudalism, were an indication to Emerson that the colonists had made "a good start." While Emerson was right in the assertion that America made a start free of feudalism in the early stages of the colonies, he was incorrect in assuming that America would never experience "feudal mischief" again. A resurgence of feudalism by King George in later years caused the colonists to revolt. Until 1763, the colonies existed in a state of salutary neglect, where the King and Parliament relatively ignored the colonies, allowing self-government. After 1763, England decided to enforce a policy of mercantilism, in which the mother country protected the colonies in exchange for exclusive trading rights. New legislation like the Stamp, Tea, and Quartering Acts eerily reminded the colonists of feudalism because their rights were being limited and they didn't have a voice in their government. As Adam Sandler said, "Man does not know he is free until he has been in chains." But the resemblance to feudalism in the later colonial era did not end with the revolution. In fact, there is evidence that aspects of feudalism survived in the United States Constitution. When the colonists came to America, they created a radically different government than the one they left behind in England. Though feudalism had waned by the 12th century, England was still left with vestiges of the feudal system, such as the rigid class system. In America, the colonists were allowed to build their own society from a state of nature, destroying the societal barriers that existed in their homeland. However, the "feudal mischief" of which Emerson speaks was not over when ak similar to the vassal to lord relationship of the feudal system. When the colonies were founded, they operated under a mercantilist policy with England. Under this policy, all raw materials and resources of the colonies went without question to England, where they were manufactured into goods and sent back to the colonies. The colonists had no representation in England, and England had supreme power over the colonies and also had the duty of protecting those colonies from attack. This is nearly identical to the feudal system. However, England abandoned the practice of feudalism during the reign of King George, who followed a policy of salutary neglect. During this time the colonies were left to govern themselves. Then with the Proclamation of 1763, the king reasserted his feudal power over the colonists by restricting them to the land east of the Appalachian Mountains. This was followed by other laws that took away the powers that the colonists were used to having, such as the Intolerable Acts and the suspension of habeas corpus. This resurgence of feudal power caused the colonists, who had been practicing self-government, to rebel against England. Therefore, in a way the existence of feudalism caused America to be its own nation. The problem of feudalism was that it took away too many of the colonists rights. In the feudal system, the rights and responsibilities of the peasants and lords are clearly laid out. Similar to the early mercantilist system of the colonies, the peasants in a feudal system are required to serve their lord in a militia, and they are required to pay tribute to their lord. In England, this tribute was usually paid with the best of a peasant's crops. The peasant consents to being governed by the lord, who in turn has absolute power over the peasants, but also the duty to protect their peasants' lives. The American system of government differs greatly from the concept of feudalism in that the citizens of

How to Color Your Urine Safely

How to Color Your Urine Safely Have you ever wanted to color your urine or wondered what causes urine to become colored? If so, youre in luck! Heres a little bit of applied color chemistry for your entertainment and experimentation pleasure: Violet- Violet or purple liquid is not something you see in the toilet bowl every day. However, you can  get violet or purple urine if you eat both beets (red) and methylene blue dye (blue), which is safe in low quantities. Blue- Methylene blue will turn your urine blue or greenish-blue. It can also color the whites of your eyes blue. The coloration of both urine and eyes is reversible. At one time, methylene blue was considered to be an effective treatment ​against malaria. As far as urine colorants go, this one is considered to be reasonably safe to eat, though you should be aware some people are allergic to it. Food coloring may turn your urine blue. A rare, inherited disease known as porphyria can also cause blue urine. King George IIIs blue urine may have been attributable to porphyria. Green- Asparagus will turn urine green and also will give it a very strong odor (although not everyone can smell it).  Food coloring can also turn your urine green, as can certain medications. Yellow- Yellow is the normal color of urine. If your pee is too pale to detect the color, it means youre over-hydrated. If you have colorless urine yet want a yellow tint, you can take a vitamin B12 capsule. Another option, which is also extremely fast, is to drink a colored energy drink. Look for one that contains added B vitamins. Amber- Dark golden urine often results from dehydration (not drinking enough water). A very dark color might indicate the presence of bile in urine, which is symptomatic of a medical condition. To safely darken yellow urine, try taking a B vitamin. Drinking an energy drink wont help because the caffeine acts as a diuretic, adding more water to your urine and making it colorful, but pale. Orange- Eating rhubarb or senna can turn your urine orange. Senna is a dangerous herb to mess with. Stick with rhubarb (just dont eat the leaves as theyre poisonous). Red- Eating beets or blackberries can turn your urine red. Blueberries can also tint urine pink. Even though the berries are blue, the pigment in them is a natural pH indicator that changes color. The normal pH of urine is slightly acidic first thing in the morning, trending toward slightly alkaline later in the day. The color of your urine resulting from foods youve eaten can be affected by the time of day you eat them. Pink- Pink urine can result from a urinary tract infection or from eating smaller quantities of beets or blackberries. Brown- Brown urine can be the result of kidney dysfunction, jaundice, or from an overdose of the herb goldenseal. Brown urine is not a good thing. You should probably avoid this color, if at all possible. Black- Black is not a good color for your urine. Black urine results from Blackwater Fever, which is associated with malaria. The black color comes from massive death of your blood cells, leading (usually) to death.   Milky or Cloudy- This results from blood, protein, or pus in the urine and usually indicates illness and is not an effect you can achieve by eating or drinking something non-toxic. Clear- All it takes to achieve clear urine is to drink plenty of water. Dont go overboard, though, since even too much water can be bad for you. If you decide to try any of these out for yourself, make sure to read the safety information that accompanies the chemicals carefully and use common sense. If youre concerned you have colored urine due to an illness, be sure to consult a health care professional.

Communicating Effectively. Public Relations campaign and effectiveness Assignment

Communicating Effectively. Public Relations campaign and effectiveness of the communication techniques - Assignment Example Creating public relations is not just informing and administering the information flow between the college and the publics. In fact, it is a communication chain that involves and engages the targeted publics in building relationships and binding closely with the organization. Developing successful communication disciplines with the publics will lead the organization to achieve its strategic goals (Bland, Theaker, Wragg, 2005, p. 243). The college also has to ensure that publicity and managing public relations is not the same thing. The event can be publicized in various ways on various mediums but public relations will target specific groups using broad strategic communication capabilities of the organization (Bowdin, Allen, O’Toole, Harris, McDonnel, 2006, p. 122). The students are the customers for the college and they play an important role. Their performance and participation affects the organization’s goals and strategies directly. The students can be reached through various ways of effective communication. The college assembly takes place every week and every student is bound to attend it. The college can announce about the celebration in the assembly where the students are gathered. This is a traditional method of communication but has proven to be effective especially in schools and colleges. The students can also be given formal invitation cards with their names on them. All the students are equally important and it is the college’s duty to ensure every student is invited. Telephone calls can be made to those students who are not present. Telephonic communication is considered an effective communication channel as it supports two way communication (Cornelissen, 2011, p. 56). Announcements would be the most effective to rea ch the students because students are aware that important announcements are made in assemblies, thus they pay attention. The large number of students can be reached quicker and the message can be conveyed face to face. The invitation cards can be given out to students in order of their roll numbers. The parents and families of the students are the beneficiaries of the services of the organization. They are important groups and must be reached for the celebration. The communication channel to be used for them can be formal letters for invitations. These can be sent through the students to their homes. This is also a traditional method of communication in colleges and schools (L’Etang, 2008, p. 75). Mostly, the parents are accessed through their children. However, nowadays many modern and easy methods of communication allow the college officials to connect directly with the parents without consuming much time. For those students’ parents who are not present, the college must post the invitation cards to their homes. This can be the suitable communication channel as the students know that according to the rules and policies of the college, they must handover the invitations to their parents. Strict actions are taken against those who don’t; hence it is believed that communicating via students is an effective way. The board of directors and investors of the organization should be reached through formal communication methods (Diggs-Brown, 2013, p. 421). The most efficient traditional way is to call for meetings. Annual meetings and emergency meetings are often called up and

Summary of the signs of shopping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of the signs of shopping - Essay Example In addition, Morton expresses how shopping involves the procurement of stuff such as household equipments and apparels. Often, many people will bargain, convincing the mall owners that they are their daily customers. This opens up the ability of promotions and subversion to both the customer and the owner. If the customer does not like how he or she is being treated, they have a right to complain to the owner for change of behavior by, for example, workers. The owner therefore has to apologize to the customer and promise dual change of treatment and behavior because he or she does not want to lose customers thus going down of the business. Shopping is irresistible for a wide majority of the populace in the contemporary society. Some cannot live without shopping in their daily lives especially women and their daughters, that is like their daily routine but communication has made work easier now days. No walking long distances to the shopping malls, time is being saved too if one has a busy and tight schedule. Phone calls are made to the shopping stores to order for shopping or mails to be sent to websites and customers can shop

Mind Is Not a Vessel to Be Filled, but a Fire to Be Kindled Essay Example for Free

Mind Is Not a Vessel to Be Filled, but a Fire to Be Kindled Essay â€Å"Education† may be an ordinary word to most people, but very few actually understand the deep meaning beneath it. In this dynamic world, we need to be equipped with the necessary skills and hard work to survive. Understanding the education system is integral to allow students to understand the purpose of studying, the purpose of going to school everyday. Is education in Singapore really â€Å"holistic†? Are there flaws? What is education? By definition, it would be something along the line of â€Å" transferring knowledge†. I beg to differ. In my opinion, education consists of more than just knowledge. From Kindergarden to University, students are put through the daily routine of waking up early in the morning, going to a place where teachers teach â€Å"the same old stuff†. By that, I am referring to knowledge. Knowledge is power, you might say. Indeed, being knowledgeable helps you stand out among the rest during the tests and examinations. But is that all about education ? Acing the tests and getting a degree? I’m afraid no. Years after years, Singapore universities and institutions are well-known on the global front for being able to produce students with top grades. These results just keep getting better and better. Foreigners come to Singapore for education. Most people might therefore think education in Singapore is perfect. I also acknowledge that these are true, but only to a certain extent. On the other spectrum ( which is usually not shown), there are students who are not performing as well as their peers, students who are doing well but facing a lot of unnecessary stress. This is prevalent as well. The obsessive reliance of tuition to produce grades, online forums to discuss ways to â€Å"headstart my child in education†. I find no meaning in these. This is passive learning. Similarly, there are exceptional cases which bring out the ugly truth about education in Singapore. Students faking degrees to earn scholarships, jobs , graduates saying vulgarities during graduation ceremony to ‘rejoice’ over the achievements, even local scholar prosecuted overseas for doing unethical things such as watching child pornography. If education in Singapore is so perfect, why would such disgraceful incidents occur? Let us look at some possible reasons. Memorizing dictionaries, memorizing textbooks, doing thousands of assessment books, attending endless tuitions and supplementary classes†¦ These are some things most pupils in Singapore are going through. They have my sympathy. Everything I have described until now is about passive learning, which revolves around results and lacking in true meaning of education. Now, let us zoom into another aspect. Imagine this : a child who does his work consistently, revises on daily basis, reads newspapers everyday. Everything without being told. Seems like a utopian child? No. It is possible. The only thing he has compared to other students is the passion. The burning passion inside him to learn, to absorb knowledge. This drive pushes him to do everything on his own. There is no tuition, no supplementary classes, reasonable number of assessment books. Yet, this child is scoring ‘A’s for his subjects. In Singapore schools, Ministry of Education is encouraging a whole new approach towards â€Å"holistic† education. Co-curricular activities, Community Involvement Program, Civics Morals Education†¦ these are programmes put in place after much effortful planning of the education ministries. There are even more recent policies such as not revealing top students for national examinations such as Primary School Leaving Examinations. I respect them for that. However, there are rooms for improvement. CCA, short for co-curricular activities, is a word that is often hung in the pupils’ mouth. Whether they say it out of pride in a good way or bad way, I do not know. This brings me to the point of CCA mismatch. Students who feel they are â€Å"not good enough† for a CCA only after a few years in that CCA, students who feel indignant as they feel they could have gotten into â€Å"better CCA†. What are the consequences of this? Students not attending CCAs regularly, students complaining about how ‘ sien ‘ ( boring and uninteresting) their CCA is. This leads to stereotyping about CCAs and split between different CCAs, especially Sports vs Non-Sports. While you might say it is good that CCAs are bonded together as a team, the purpose of bonding is wrong. They are making fun of other people and things they do. In the long run, this will not work. Another thing is when pupils do not attend CCAs, the school has no choice but to use deterrence methods such as demerit points. To tackle this whole situation, there is Direct- School- Admission put in place to reduce scenarios like this however the success is limited. After talking about limitations of the current education system put in place, I have some suggestions. What I will say is also something simple : passion. Again, a simple word yet deep meaning behind it. If a student is an active learner, problems such as late/no submission of work, lack of focus during lessons, loss of notes, game/social networking addiction etc will all be eliminated at once. Students will not complain ‘ Life is Tough’ or ‘ There is too much work yet too little time’ etc. Teachers no longer have to chase after the students for work, give students boring supplementary classes. Teachers no longer have to scold students, which deviates their focus on teaching that will result in drop in productivity. This will lead to more supplementary/remedial classes which make students get tired of learning. Ultimately, they lose passion in learning. This evil cycle of mad chase, forced homework, drilled practice will keep on going until the students change their attitude. If the students take charge of their own learning, they will automatically focus during lessons and give constructive feedback that can engage the whole class in a positive manner. This will accelerate learning so much that the teachers will be more willing to teach and even plan fun activities for pupils to play and learn at the same time. At the same time, the students will strive to do their best in everything including daily worksheet, assignments. Ultimately, success ( which is good grades people chase after) will follow them. Therefore, I strongly feel that passion is much more important than knowledge. To put this passion in them, I think teachers, parents and students themselves all play a crucial role to ‘kindle the fire’ within them. They can help create encouraging environment to allow pupils to share their opinions on certain topics and letting them think ‘out of the box’. They can reduce things such elitism stereotyping to encourage the pupils to exchange feedback healthily and letting them learn from one another. Occasionally, having useful motivation courses in schools by professionals also might help. Once this fire is lit, the action will follow. Students will start finding joy in learning and unknowingly, they will get good grades without even getting stressed or tired.