PESTEL Analysis of Indias Textile Industry

PESTEL Analysis of Indias material getIntroductionIn analyzing the macro- purlieu, it is measurable to identify the factors that might in term of enlistment affect a number of vital variables that argon believably to see the organizations supply and accept levels and its prices. The radical and ongoing throws occurring in society pee-pee an uncertain environment and have an impact on the function of the f both organization. A number of checklists have been developed as tracks of cataloguing the ample number of possible supplys that might affect an pains.A PEST quality forwardline is unrivalled of them that atomic number 18 merely a framework that categorizes environmental influences as policy-making, frugal, kindly and technological forces. Some generation two add-onal factors, environmental and legal, go away be added to make a PESTEL analysis, however these themes abide easily be subsumed in the early(a)s. The analysis examines the impact of each of t hese factors (and their interplay with each other) on the business. The results stern then be apply to take improvement of opportunities and to make accident plans for threats when preparing business and strategical plans.Kotler claims that PEST analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market place growth or decline, business position, capability and direction for operations.Use whatever factors you feel ar appropriate. other variations overwhelm-PEST analysis (STEP analysis)- administrational, Economic, Sociological, Technological. ruminator/ PESTEL analysis Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal, Environmental PESTEL analysis.PESTEL analysis Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Environmental, Labors (Labor) associate PESTEL analysis (r be no references available).PESTLIED analysis Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, International, Environmental, Demographic.STEEPLE analysis- Social/Demographic, Technologica l, Economic, Environmental, Political, Legal, Ethical.SLEPT analysis -Social, Legal, Economic, Political, and Technological.STEPE analysis-Social, Technical, Economic, Political, and Ecological.ETPSanalysis-Economic,Technical, Political andSocial- S stinkerning the business environment.Choose the acronym that nigh suits you or your organization.History of comminuteWhere did the term PEST or po exhibit stamp derive?What were the origins?The term mould has been apply regularly in the last 10+ years and its certain history is difficult to establish.The earliest know reference to tools and techniques for Scanning the tune Environment appears to be by Francis J. Aguilar (1967) who discusses ETPS a mnemonic for the four fields of his taxonomy of the environment Economic, Technical, Political, and Social.Shortly after its publication, Arnold Brown for the Institute of Life Insurance (in the US) shake up it as STEP (Strategic Tr fetch up Evaluation Process) as a way to organize th e results of his environmental scanning. in that respectafter, this macro external environment analysis, or environmental scanning for transmit, was modified yet again to become a supposed STEPE analysis (the Social, Technical, Economic, Political, and Ecological taxonomies).In the 1980s, several other authors including Fahey, Narayanan, Morrison, Renfro, Boucher, Mecca and Porter intromit variations of the taxonomy classifications in a variety of orders PEST, tender, STEEPLE etc. Why the or so negative con nonations of PEST have proven to be more than touristed than STEP is not known. There is no implied order or antecedence in any of the formats.IMPORTANCEIt is important to take into estimateancy PESTLE factors for the following main reasons Firstly, by making effective use of PESTLE analysis , you ensure that what you argon doing is aligned positively with the positionful forces of change that ar affecting our environment by taking advantage of change , you are much more interchangeablely to be successful than if your activities fight back it.Secondly, good use of PESTLE analysis supports you taking action that is likely to lead to failure for reasons beyond your guard.Thirdly, PESTLE is useful when you start a new product or service. Use of PESTLE analysis helps you put on free of assumptions and helps you quickly adapt to the realities of the new environment.ThePESTLE Analysisis often used as a generic orientation tool, finding out where an organization or product is in the context of what is happening out side that provide at some point effect what is happening inside an organization.APESTLE analysisis a business measurement tool, looking at factors external to the organization.It is often used within a strategic trick upanalysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats analysis).OBJECTAny organization or diligence influenced by factors as political factors, economical factors, social factors, skillful factors, legal factor s, and environmental factors in addition to government policies, labor factors, private-enterprise(a) market condition locational factors, and emerging globalization. So we have defined PESTLE analysis of material fabrication. Until the economic liberalisation of Indian economy, theIndia fabric assiduity was primarily unincorporated manufacture. But now the Indian fabric labor is the second blown-upst in the world-second single to China. Indian fabrics withal account for 38 pct of the countrys contribute works and are, in that respectfore, a in truth important industry. And these factors affected the cloth industry as political factors are most important for this industry because lack of constancy in politics. And Indian economy is greatheartedly reliant on material manufacturing and exportations. India earns around 27% of the foreign exchange from exports of fabrics so economical and environmental factors influenced.So we have discussed on these factors and define the puzzles of framework industry which is suffered by these factors.TEXTILE INDUSTRYThe industries in India can be broadly classified into organized and unorganiased. fabric industry is under unorganized and comparatively small. There is some potential for real growth. Textile pains is related to clothes. Until the economic liberalization of Indian economy, theIndia Textile fabrication was primarily unorganized industry. The outset up of Indian economy post 1990s guide to a stunning growth of this industry.India Textile industriousness is hotshot of the largest material industries in the world. Today, Indian economy is largely dependent on fabric manufacturing and exports. India earns around 27% of the foreign exchange from exports of materials. Further, India Textile application contributes more or less 14% of the total industrial production of India. Furthermore, its contribution to the gross internal product of India is around 3% and the numbers are steadil y increasing. India Textile Industry involves around 35 million workers directly and it accounts for 21% of the total concern posed in the economy.The Indian fabric industry is the second largest in the worldsecond only to China. An Indian framework in any case has account for 38 percent of the countrys total exports and is, therefore, a precise important industry. The think is that fabrics exports go forth go along USD 35 cardinal by the year 2000.The total Indian market for the textile machinery in 1997 (the latest year for which complete data are available) was estimated at USD 895 million. The market is projected to grow at an average yearly titulary growth rate of 6 percent during the next 2 years.There are at least 20 internal companies pass textile machinery for spinning, weaving, texturizing and finishing. The Lakshmi Group of Coimbatore has been the most successful of these companies. Lakshmis success is attributable to its length of service in the sector and its ability to offer a range of textile machinery directly or through its sister companies. Consequently, Lakshmi can meet the needs of a variety of end users. For the past two years, the market has been in a recession. As a result, market players have become very cost conscious and price sensitive. However, the future looks bright used textile machinery. This market segment is likely to grow faster than the broader market. The major factors that are likely to produce growth for this sector accept A world(a) developmentd in demand for Indian textiles and garments.The lowering of customs duties on imported textile machinery.Reduced government restrictions on the import of the used pileus goods.The reduced cost of the used equipment which makes textile manufacturing operations more viable.Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is Indias private sector attach to, involved in textiles. It is headquartered in Mumbai, India and employs approximately 12,500 people. The company recorded r evenues of INR1, 108,860 million (approximately $25,537 million) during the fiscal year finish March 2007, an increase of 24.4% over 2006. The U.S. market deal of imported textile machinery is only approximately 3 percent. Competitors from European countries such as Ger more, Switzerland and the joined Kingdom have taken the lead and are concentrating on equipment for cotton plant role spinning, weaving, carding, winding and finishing. To become more competitive, U.S. companies need to shift their center from only offering new equipment to offering both new and used textile machinery to the Indian market. Given this case of shift in focus, it is estimated that U.S. companies could increase their share of textile machinery imports to 10 percent over the next four to quintet years. In addition, U.S. firms can increase their competitiveness by forming alliances with experienced Indian single-valued functionners who are very familiar with Indian market conditions. Another sche me for increasing the competitiveness of U.S. companies in the Indian market would be to focus on marketing used textile machinery on a uprise key basis, and coupling the transfer of machinery with technological transfers, learn, and buy-back commitment for the Indian textiles and garments. This type of strategy is richlyly supported at the national and regional levels by the regimen of India (GOI).MARKET PROFILE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRYThe Indian textile industry is the second largest in the worldsecond only to China. Indian textiles in addition account for 38 percent of the countrys total exports and are, therefore, a very important industry. The forecast is that textiles exports exit reach USD 35 billion by the year 2000.To keep back this growth, it is imperatives that the textile industries produce goods of high quality at reasonable prices. This kernel that the industry must continuously modernize its machinery. Therefore, the textile machinery industry sector has an integra l role to play in the growth of Indias textile exports.Industry analysts note that textile prices are increasingly competitive worldwide as more and more developing countries enter the global textile trade. To maintain, if not increase, its global market share, the Indian textile industry must obtain modern, low-cost, textile machinery so that it can produce high quality textiles and garments for export at competitive prices. It is in this context that the market for used textile machinery is viewed as very promising. Used textile machinery permits India to incorporate new applied science at low cost.Here are a few important facts about Indias textilethere are approximately 1200 medium to large measure textile mill about in India. Twenty percent of these mills are located in Coimbatore (Tamilnadu).India has 34 million cotton textile spindles for manufacturing cotton yarn. Cotton yarns account for 70 percent of Indias textile exports. (China has 40 million cotton spindles.)Of the Indian textile yarn exports, almost 80 percent come from coarser yarns (counts below 40s). Consequently, there is a need to set ahead the technology.For the past two years, there has been a significant slow-down in the cotton spinning segment, mainly due to the spiraling price of cotton.The domestic knitting industry is characterized by small scale units which lack adequate facilities for dyeing, affect and finishing. The industry is concentrated in Tirupura (Tamilnadu) and Ludhiana (Punjab). Tirupura produces 60 percent of the countrys total knitwear exports. create from raw stuff garments account for almost 32 percent of all exported garments. The major players include Nahar Spinning, Arun Processors and Jersey India.Status of the Textile Machinery IndustryApproximately 120 companies become the complete range of textile machinery. Gross receipts for the Industry in 1997 were most USD 700 million. The industry employs about 150,000 workers directly and an equal number indir ectly. The demand for textile machinery is mainly from end user in the cotton textiles, manmake fibers and fleece units textile sectors. The industrys major problems are Inadequate design and engineering capabilities.The high cost of raw material and comp matchlessnts.The high cost of finance.Demand constraints. ambition from foreign countries as a result of the lowering of import duties on textile machinery.The high quality of imported textile equipment.The textile machinery industry sector experienced surrounded by 7 and 8 percent nominal growth in 1997.SWOT ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRYSWOT analysis defines all over condition of any industry or organization. This describes strength, weaknesses, opportunity, and threat of the textile industry. It contains astudy of the major internal and external factors affecting the company in the form of a SWOT analysis.StrengthsIndian Textile Industry is an Independent Self-Reliant industry.Abundant Raw Material availability that helps indus try to control costs and reduces the lead-time across the operation.Availability of Low Cost and delicate Manpower provides competitive advantage to industry.Availability of large varieties of cotton fiber and has a fast growing synthetic fiber industry.India has great advantage in Spinning Sector and has a presence in all process of operation and value chain.India is one of the largest exporters of Yarn in planetary market and contributes around 25% share of the global trade in Cotton Yarn.TheApparel Industryis one of largest foreign revenue contributor and holds 12% of the countrys total export.Industry has large and diversified segments that provide wide variety of products. outgrowth Economy and Potential Domestic and International merchandise.Industry has Manufacturing Flexibility that helps to increase the productivity.WeaknessesIndian Textile Industry is exceedingly fragmented Industry.Industry is highly dependent on Cotton.Lower Productivity in various segments.There i s Declining in Mill Segment.Lack of Technological Development that affect the productivity and other activities in whole value chain.Infrastructural Bottlenecks and Efficiency such as, execution Time at Ports and transportation Time.Unfavorable labor Laws.Lack of business Membership, which restrict to tap other potential market.Lacking to generate Economies of Scale. high Indirect Taxes, ply and Interest Rates.OpportunitiesGrowth rate of Domestic Textile Industry is 6-8% per annum.Large, Potential Domestic and International Market.Product development and variegation to provide global needs.Exclusion of Quota Restriction leads to greater Market Development.Market is gradually teddy towards Branded Readymade Garment.Increased not reusable Income and acquire Power of Indian Customer open New Market Development. acclivitous Retail Industry and Malls provide huge opportunities for the clothes, handiwork and other segments of the industry. great investment funds and FDI opportunities are available.ThreatsCompetition from other developing countries, especially China. endless Quality Improvement is need of the hour as there are different demand patterns all over the world.Elimination of Quota system will lead to fluctuations in Export Demand.Threat for Traditional Market for Power loom and Handloom Products and forcing them for product diversification.Geographical Disadvantages.International labor and Environmental Laws.To residue the demand and supply.To make balance between price and quality look into MethodologyIn order to evaluate the PESTLE analysis of Indian textile and clothing exports, the study has analyzed the political technical, economical, social, legal, and environment factors of the textile industry.Information Sources The information has been sourced from various authentic and reliable sources like books, newspapers, trade journals and white papers, industry portals, government agencies, trade associations, and monitoring industry.To assess these factors of the industry, a preliminary interview conducted with a few industrialists. The interview sought their views and opinions chiefly respect of the pestle factors that they are facing in India. With the help of profits sites we have found galore(postnominal) key factors of this industry.Analysis Method Textile industry forecast and analysis is based on various macro- and microeconomic factors, sector and industry specific databases, and our in-house statistical and analytical model. This model takes into account the past and current trends in an economy, and more specifically in an industry, to use up out an objective market analysis.Our industry experts study the relationship between various industry and economic variables to ensure the required accuracy and extremity check on the quality of data and information given in the report.PESTLE ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRYThe textile industry grew out of theindustrial revolutionin the 18th Century asmass production of cloth ing became a majority industry. Until the economic liberalization of Indian economy, theIndia Textile Industry was primarily unorganized industry. The opening up of Indian economy post 1990s led to a stunning growth of this industry. But now Industry has influencing by many factors as political factors, economical factors, social factors, technical factors, legal factors, and environment factors. Here we will describe all those factors affected to Textile Industry.The operative Group on Textiles Jute Industry for the 11th Five Year scheme (2007-2012) has studied the major problems creation faced by the textile industry.political FACTORSThe management of business enterprises and their policies are considerably influenced by the vivacious political systems. And India is a democratic country, there are probably problem of stability in politics.Political and Government DiversityThe reservation of production for very small companies that was imposed with an intention to help out sma ll scale companies across the country, led substantial fragmentation that distorted the competitiveness of industry. However, most of the sectors now have been de-reserved, and major entrepreneurs and corporate are putting-in huge numerate of money in establishing big facilities or in expansion of their existing plants.Secondly, the foreign investment was kept out of textile and apparel production. Now, the Government has gradually eliminated these restrictions, by bringing down import duties on capital equipment, offering foreign investors to set up manufacturing facilities in India. In new years, India has provided a global manufacturing platform to other multi-national companies that manufactures other than textile products it can certainly provide a base for textiles industry.And some motivating step taken by the government, other problems still sustains like various taxes and run into imbalances due to diversification into 35 states and Union Territories. However, an outline of VAT is universe implemented in place of all other tax diversifications, which will clear these imbalances once it is imposed fully.But now the Indian government has introducing measures such as the national technology up gradation memory and re pitiable the differential taxation scheme which discriminated against large units.ECONOMICAL FACTORSEconomical factors such as per capita income, national income, resources mobilization, exploitation of natural resources, infrastructure development, capital formation, employment generation, and industrial development influence textile industry.Textile industry provides one of the most investment companyamental necessities of the people with huge value-addition at every stage of touch.Today textile sector accounts for nearly 14% of the total industrial output. Indian fabric is in demand with its ethnic, earthly colored and many textures. The textile sector accounts about 30% in the total export. This conveys that it holds potential if one is ready to innovate.The textile industry is the largest industry in equipment casualty of employment economy, expected to generate 12 million new jobs by 2010. It generates massive potential for employment in the sectors from agricultural to industrial. Employment opportunities are created when cotton is cultivated.Current ScenarioTextile exports are targeted to reach $50 billion by 2010, $25 billion of which will go to the US. Other markets include UAE, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Canada, Bangladesh and Japan. The name of these countries with their background can give thousands of insights to a thinking mind. The huckster cut that will be producing a readymade garment will apportion at a price of 600 Indian rupees, making the value addition to be profitable by 300 %.SOCIAL FACTORSManagers and policy makers can not disregard social variables like education, knowledge, outlandish community norms and beliefs which are predominant in India, especially in the rural soci ety objet dart cultural differences are unthinkable for any outside(a) manager or even an urban Indian manager. Textile industry of India based on cotton and cotton as the agriculture product, which found in rural areas so the social responsibility of the textile industry. Social stratification plays a vital role in rural societies.TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORSTechnology is considered to be one of the most important factors of textile industry. That is why the government, in its industrial policy resolutions, industrial licensing policies, MRTP and FERA regulation, and in liberalization policies, assigned great magnificence to sophisticated technology and technology transfer.The Working Group on Textiles Jute Industry for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012) has studied the major problems being faced by the textile industry which includeStructural weaknesses in weaving and processing,Fragmented and technologically backward textile processing sector,Fragmented garment industry,Inadequate capacity of the domestic textile machinery manufacturing sector,Inadequate training facilities in textile sector.The Government has undertaken a series of progressive measures like introduction of Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC), Technology Upgradaiton (sp) fund Scheme (TUFS), Scheme for Integrated Textile Park (SITP), reduction in customs duty on import of state-of-the-art machinery, Debt Restructuring Scheme, setting up of Apparel Training and Design Centers (ATDCs), 100% Foreign Direct Investment in the textile sector under automatic route, setting up of National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) etc, for upgrading and strengthening the textile sector in India.At present, the textile industry is undergoing a substantial re-orientation towards other then clothing segments of textile sector, which is commonly called as technical textiles. It is moving vertically with an average growing rate of nearly two times of textiles for clothing applications and now account for more t han half of the total textile output. The processes in making technical textiles require costly machinery and skilled workers. profound FACTORSLegal environment plays very vital role in textile industry. Laws relating to industrial licensing, factory administration, industrial disputes, monopoly control, and foreign exchange regulation are examples of legal business environment in India.Textile industry has suffered by legal rules as unfavorable labor laws. Government has created strong labor laws. In India, labor laws are still found to be relatively unfavorable to the trades, with companies having not more than ideal model to follow a hire and fire policyAnd other factors are lack of dispense Membership, which restrict to tap other potential market. And also lacking to generate Economies of Scale is another legal factor to this industry. Government has charged high Indirect taxes, power and Interest rates. The uneven supply base also leads barriers in attaining integration betwe en the links in supply chain. This issue creates uncontrollable, unreliable and inconsistent performance. The liberalization being carried in the 1990s also ushered in a new era for Indias textile industry. It led to the remainder of many of the constraints previously imposed on the textile sector. Licensing was removed in the early 90s by the Statement of Industrial policy and the Textile Development and Regulation Order. In 1995, India signed the General pledge of Tariffs and Trade bringing some of its policies at par with those at an international level.At present, the single biggest factor influencing the textile industry appears to be the end of the textile quota regime of quantitative import restrictions under the multi-fiber arrangement (MFA) on 1st January, 2005 under the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. The removal of quotas, seen as an opportunity by many, including the government, is driving investment and liberalization in the textile space.India can also grab opportunities in the export market. The industry has the potential of attaining $34bn export earnings by the year 2010. The regulative polices is helping out to enhance infrastructures of apparel parks, Specialized textile parks, EPZs and EOUs.environmental FACTORSEnvironment resistance and preservation is responsibility of the textile industry. The Government of India is act to the preservation of ecological balance.Pollution free technology and recycling of industrial wastes and effluents has become a corporate concern now. Legislative measures have been adoptive for this purpose, important legislations in this connection are-The water (preservation and control of pollution) Act, 1974 provides for the prevention and control of water pollution. The Air Act, 1981 aims at preventing, controlling, and reducing air pollution. The environment (protection) Act, 1986 ensures the protection and improvement in the quality of the environment.TEXTILE COMPANIES IN INDIAThere are many textile companies in India as Reliance Textiles- Reliance Textiles is one of the major textiles Company. That is in business of fully integrate man made fiber. It has capacity of more than 6 million tones per year.Vardhaman Spinning-Vardhman deals in spinning, weaving and processing segment of the industry. It is planning to double its fabric processing capacity to 50 million meters.Welspun India is Asias largest terry towel manufacturer and fourth largest in the world. It supplies to steer global retailers, meeting 15 per cent of Wal-Marts terry towel requirements, 85 per cent of Tom Hilfiger.Alok Industries has the largest processing capacity in India and offers fully integrated facilities for yarn text rising, weaving, knitting, processing, made-ups and garments. It has initiated plans to expand capacities across all segments by commit Rs. 10 billion.Arvind Mills boasts of a wide product range in value added fabric, from fabric to garments in denim, shirti ng and knits.Gokaldas exports have more than 40 factories spreading in 37 locations in India, manufacturing more than 2.4 million garments per month.Other major players like Raymond, Siyaram silk mills, mahavir spinning mills etc. have also shown strong performance in the past two years.INTERPRETATIONThe textile industry holds significant status in the India. Textile industry provides one of the most fundamental necessities of the people. It is an independent industry, from the basic requirement of raw materials to the lowest products, with huge value-addition at every stage of processingThe textile industry is the largest industry in terms of employment economy, expected to generate 12 million new jobs by 2010.Today textile sector accounts for nearly 14% of the total industrial output.So I have taken that government should take action in favors to textile industry. In India, there are two issues unemployment and standard of living. Textile industry can help in employment and rais ing standard of living.At this time textile industry is facing very problems due to government policies. Other problem is recession in country. The textile industry also suffered because of the high cost of raw cotton. The government had increased the minimum support price by 40 per cent in 2008-09. So government should decrease the price of row material as cotton. And should make easy labor laws. resultantWe have conclude that if any industry or organization want to retain in the market then follow the government rules and regulation, social responsibility, and maintain pollution environment. In India growth rate is depend upon textile industry. Indian Textile Industry is an Independent Self-Reliant industry but government stated strong labor laws for this industry. Market is gradually shifting towards Branded Readymade Garment and has opportunity in foreign market and domestic market.So the government should be introducing measures such as the national technology up gradation fun d and removing the differential taxation scheme which discriminated against large units. They have also allowed textile units to build and operate captive power plants, which should ease the power problem. Although Textiles have historically formed an important part of Indias economy. Indias cotton and silk production were among the highest in the world.Bibliographywww.companiesandmarkets.com/Summary-Company-Profile/Reliance-Ind ..Having lost its Competitive Advantage, Textile Industry Faces Decline article by Author Sanjay K Jain peg MD, TT Textiles Limitedwww.oxforduniversity.comwww.yatsenassociates.comwww.oxlearn.com/swotwww.Mindjet.comTextile Industry Problems Faced ByIndia ByHarold Doan and Associateswww.csgstrategies.com/search-pest-analysis-of-textile- industry_p24.aspwww.oppapers.com//pest-analysis-indian-textile- industry-page1.htmlFindarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb092/is_3_34/ai_n29024336/REFERENCESBusiness Environment, Author

Treatment Planning System Software Reflective Essay

handling Planning governing body Software Reflective EssayImproving mavins cultivation and performance could be considered to be a meta-skill, that is the skill of erudition how to memorize. (The give University, 2012)Clinical skills chosenThe clinical skill that was chosen is acquire how to habit Varian Medical occult Treatment Planning System packet program and necessitateting fri dyingship on how to political program a intervention for the different tincers. Eclipse is a comprehensive intervention computer programmening system that simplifies modern radioactivity therapy inventning for dosimetrists, physicists, and physicians to efficiently create, select, and verify the best interposition visualizes for their affected roles while ensuring spunky standard of care and effective protocols (Varian Medical Systems, 2014). This skill was chosen because it is interference related and is fit to give me a deeper understanding on patient ofs give-and-take. Fur thermore, the resources were requireily avail able-bodied in the segment for selective information purposes. shape of acquirement this skillThe cognitive process of learning this skill was broken round into two components mastering the use of Eclipse software efficiently and gaining association on treatment be after. The intention of breaking goals down (University of Kent Careers and Employability Service, n.d.) into two components is so that I mickle tackle them one step at a time. Each component was further evaluated based on a three-stage role model of developing a strategy, monitoring progress and evaluating performance (Figure A), which thunder mug be used to develop and improve skills and learning in general (The unaffixed University, 2012).Strategy first component of learning processFirstly, the strategy was to sop up an action curriculum and time checklist of what I should be doing each calendar week and what I should achieve at the end of each week. An acti on plan is a review of ones current capabilities and goals over an across-the-board period of time (The Open University, 2012). It is useful as it provides a incorporate plan linking the objectives of the learning process together and setting targets for achieving goals. There is a time checklist/ order of business plan created on a weekly founding at the end of every journal entry to time lag me on track and ensure that the objectives for the week bewilder been met. There was a swop in the schedule plan in week 1 as compared to the schedule plan in the action plan because I make in the first week that one week was insufficient and I needed more time to learn the software.A nonher strategy was to give away the learning process into two components. Getting to know the user user interface and all the functions of Eclipse treatment planning system first would enkindle my learning in treatment planning in the later part. Treatment planning requires both knowledge on treatment planning and skills on using the Eclipse treatment planning system. Thus, the first component of my learning journey was to get myself familiarise with Eclipse treatment planning softwares user interface and its functions. This took me a couple of weeks instead of one week that was originally planned in the action plan. I was able to learn a lot both on my own by referencing the user manual and alike with the help of the of age(p) radiation healers during the 8-hour learning session per week. As I learn, I jotted down notes in the note book of account. Note-taking was reformative as I was able to monitor my learning progress to keep me on track on the things that I wee-wee covered and adopt not.In order to evaluate my performance so far, a indite sagacity was carried out with the help of the senior radiation healers at the end of week 2. The results from the judicial decision would determine my next step, which was to either continue learning the softwares user interface o r to give the axe on to the second component of my learning journey to learn how to plan a treatment. I chose a written assessment to evaluate my performance because it earmarks me to chance upon my results visually in terms of scores. Scoring 92% for the written assessment on the softwares user interface gave me confidence to move to on to the second component of the learning process.Second component of learning processI passed the assessment and moved to learning how to plan a treatment for rectal cancer. For this component, I required the senior radiation therapist to guide me and share her knowledge. It was an observational and vocal learning for the first a couple of(prenominal) hours after which I was left on my own with the hospitals protocol booklist to try treatment planning on my own. The overload of information and knowledge caused me to miss out on quite a do of things in treatment planning. As such, it occurred to me that I would need a checklist. In my notebook, there were 2 types of lists one of which is a step-by-step list for a treatment plan based on what the senior radiation therapist taught me and the other, is a checklist that the senior radiation therapists check against after every effect of a treatment plan. The advantages of having a checklist are that it focuses my mind on outstanding objectives, orders my thoughts, making me less likely to forget plastered details, monitors my progress and prevents me from side-tracking from my objectives.I managed to complete learning the treatment planning for rectal cancer a week earlier than planned. This caused a change in my schedule plan where the re master(prenominal)ing planned weeks were brought forward a week. During this process, I should have read up textbooks for information instead of relying solely on the protocol book and the knowledge provided by the senior radiation therapist. I could have excessively used the Millers pyramid (Figure B) to monitor my performance on a pers onal level. Based on the Millers pyramid, I am at the Shows level as I am able to demonstrate the skill of planning a treatment plan for rectal tumours. I have yet to reach Does because I am distillery not efficient in treatment planning as I do still make mistakes such as over-shielding in the treatment plan for brain tumour.For each treatment plan, a competency-based assessment and verbal assessment were carried out to evaluate my performance. Firstly, I had to design a suited treatment plan using Eclipse treatment planning software for a particular case that was selected by the senior radiation therapist. aft(prenominal) which, I had to explain and convince her that my treatment plan has met the requirements and was suitable for the patients condition. She used a competency-based assessment checklist (Figure C) to evaluate my performance.A competency-based assessment is a collection of evidence to demonstrate that a learner can perform a task according to specific standards (S ingapore Workforce stupefying Agency Quality presumption Division, 2012). The assessment outcome will allow the assessor to make judgment with respect to the competence or incompetence (Singapore Workforce Development Agency Quality Assurance Division, 2012). Such regularity of assessment has been used for many years by the planning department to assess training staff on treatment planning where they have to apply their knowledge in designing a treatment plan and explaining the rationale as salutary as suitability for the particular patient in accordance to the hospitals protocol and patients benefit. This is good as it involves an assessment of a combination of treatment planning knowledge, process skills and transferable skills (Singapore Workforce Development Agency Quality Assurance Division, 2012). Apart from competency-based assessment, I as well chose verbal assessment for this component because it allowed me to knit feedback directly from my senior radiation therap ist on ways that she thinks could have been better and on how to improve my treatment plans. Learning from my mistakes allows me to learn and grow as I will avoid making similar mistakes in the future.Type of learnerI learned faster with the help of the senior radiation therapist. At the scrawl of each session, the senior radiation therapist will show and explain to me regarding treatment planning. After which, I was habituated hands-on opportunities to enhance my learning. Among the learning styles (Figure D), I learned better by visual, verbal and logical styles where the senior radiation therapist showed and explained to me the different components of treatment planning. I impression that explanations make better sense to me rather than but verbal instructions. As such, I found myself asking more to get a deeper understanding of the interface and usage of the software as well as knowledge in treatment planning. After each countersign with the senior radiation therapist, I p refer to work alone to put forward all the information and try out the treatment planning on my own. Therefore, solitary learning style (Figure D) was more suitable for me rather than social, too known as group discussion.Self-reflection using Gibbs Reflective illustration (Figure E)Description feelingsI was able to learn new skills and knowledge from the seniors. passim this learning process, I learned how to develop my own learning goals, localise my own learning styles and be responsible for my own learning. At the start of the process, I struggled a little bit as the amount of knowledge and things to learn was too overwhelming especially since I am not IT-savvy. However, the hands-on practices helped me build up my confidence each week. I feel that this newly learnt skill and knowledge are useful as it can be applied when I carry out the daily treatments and also when I am doing the new treatment card check. The knowledge can also be shared with my juniors and students on attachment.Evaluation analysisThe main challenge during the learning process was time. I only had one sidereal day (8 hours) every week to go to the treatment planning department. There was no fixed schedule plan as certain skill or knowledge required more time to learn. The changes in my schedule plan were made as more time was needed than expected to learn the software at the start and also due to the lack of workforce in the department which denied me of learning opportunities. However, I did managed to complete learning the treatment plan for rectal cancer a week earlier. As such, the schedule plan will always be adjusted based on my needs and capabilities each week. Despite this, it is crucial for me to keep to a certain timeframe as delaying a learning objective for too long would flirt with that the whole learning process will be completed at a later period. Given more time, I would like to be given a chance to create my own checklist on treatment planning and refer to mo re references from the textbooks instead of relying on the hospitals protocol and knowledge shared by the seniors.Conclusion action planIf I was given another opportunity, I would repeat the same process with similar action plan but with a more possible set of timeline based on my learning speed and capabilities. I would also like to develop my note-taking skills and the method of evidencing my skills.1

The Meaning of Political Theory

The Meaning of governmental TheoryDISCUSSING THE MEANING OF semi governmental THEORYHarold Lasswell (1936) defines politics as Who gets what, when and how, Leftwitch, (2004). No wonder, then, a myriad of attempts has been made to come up with a conclusive and all-encompassing analytical cash pass on to this news report of who gets what, when and how. Some of these, of course, include scientific approach, philosophical approach as well as theoretical approach to the study of politics, Heywood (2007). It is the latter, however, which is the scope of this discussion.While science refers to a fashion of getting governmental know takege through observation, experimentation and measurement using experiential evidence, philosophy is a means by which any abstract fantasy near politics is covered in search for, two, wisdom and infering, Heywood (2004). ahead going any farther into the discussion, a look at the sum of the word guess is imperative. The dictionary hearts of the w ord surmise atomic tot up 18 (1) a formal set of intellects that is intended to apologise why mostthing happens or exists, (2) the principles on which a particular subject is base (3) opinion or stem that somebody believes is avowedly scarce that is non proved, Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 7th Edition, (2006). semi policy- reservation theory, in this context, is an academic discipline that studies politics establish on the hobby premises it involves the analytical studies of ideas and doctrines that have been central to the semi governmental thought it studies the ends and means of policy-making action it is concerned with ethical and normative questions it draws upon the fount of frugal theory in building up assumes based on adjectival rules usually ab away self interested behaviour of respective(prenominal)s involved manage the bourgeoisie or the labor movement it examines what major phoneers said, how they developed or reassert their views it attem pts to, better, take behaviour of actors deal voters, politicians, lobbyist and bureaucrats, Heywood, (2004).Basically policy-making Theory analyses political concepts and their relationship to actual political practice. This is done through Concepts, Models, Theories and Ideologies.Concepts, to begin with, be general ideas or mental constructs by which attempts argon made to draw out marrow from otherwise infinitely complex realities through discursive presentations.They are tools with which man beings think, criticize, argue, explain and analyze political developments. Examples include liberty, military personnel rights, equality, power, authority, severalize and law Heywood (2004).Second tool of political theory are Models. Models are representations of empirical data that aim to advance understanding by highlighting signifi potentiometert relationships and interactions among variables. These are built around a number of concepts with an aim of making a vivid resemblance of the original object lens without necessarily becoming its copy.They are analytical tools through which mean canful be imposed upon a massive and disorganized collection of facts. An example is the Easton Systems Model of state by David Easton (1953) cited by Heywood (2007).Third on the disceptation of tools of political theory are theories or simply put large theories.Theories, often used interchangeably with models, are comprehensive, systematic, consistent and steady-going explanations and predictions of relationships among unique(predicate) variables. Theories are explained through models, for example, theories of collectivism, pluralism, elitism, and functionalism. These may be explained by a model of state, model of electoral competition, or model of group politics, Heywood (2007).Last on the tools through which political theory does the analysis of politics are Ideologies. The experimental condition Ideology was coined during French Revolution by Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836) Ideologies are dexterous frameworks comprising co-ordinated values, theories and assumptions, within which search for friendship is conducted. They are main beliefs that outline how political change can and should be brought about. They provide a broad contrive of political creeds and traditions which provide basis of political action. Examples of political Ideologies are conservatism, Socialism, Communism, and Fascism of course, that to mention but a few, Heywood (2004)In as much as there is an appreciation on the statements of the four tools of Concepts, Models, Theories and Ideologies to the theoretical approach to the study of politics on one hand, a number of weaknesses can be observed in this tool based approach on the other. The first- associate honours degree problem encountered with political concepts is that they are, often, difficult to disentangle from the moral, philosophical and ideologic views of those who advance them. Another problem is th at political concepts often become the subject of understanding and ideological controversy. It is not uncommon for political argument to take aim between people who assert to uphold the same principle or ideal which is reflected in attempts to establish a particular conception of a concept as objectively correct, as in the case of true democracy, freedom, justice and so forth, Heywood (2004). An additional problem with political concepts is fetishism. This occurs when concepts are toughened as though they have a concrete existence break up from the human beings who use them. In short, words are treated as things, rather than as devices for understanding things. The complexity of political reality to a fault renders concepts insufficient to explain political practice as some concepts are multi-faceted in nature and are a subject to profound ideological controversy, Heywood (2004).Although models are a simplification of reality, they are not a reliable knowledge in themselves as they have hidden values. These values and beliefs may intrude into the process of model and theory building thereby making it impracticable to hold purely empirical theories or models. This means that models and theories occupy some biases, Heywood (2004).Ideologies are the Grand Thought of any political institution. contempt being such major themes in the political arena, ideologies command no objective standard of truth against which they can bejudged. As a national of fact, there are different perspectives on ideologies. For instance, Liberals, have viewed ideologies as formally endorsed belief systems that claim a monopoly of truth, for example communism and fascism. Conservatives have traditionally regarded ideologies as manifestations of the arrogance of rationalism. Socialists have seen ideologies as body of ideas that conceal the contradictions of class edict, thereby promoting false perception and political obedience amongst subordinate classes per se, Heywood (2004). Having looked at political theory from an academic perspective as based on the premises on which it operates, the concepts, the models, the theories and the ideologies with their relationship to real political practice, I would, therefore, understand political theory as an approach to the study of politics based on mere social constructs, of course, without proof.REFERENCESHeywood, A. (2004). political Theory An Introduction, capital of the United Kingdom Palgrave.Heywood, A. (2007). administration (3rd Ed) London Palgrave.Hoffman, J. and Graham, P. (2009).Introduction to Political Theory (2nd Ed) Pearson Education Limited, England.Leftwich, A. (2004).(Ed) What is Politics? Cambridge Polity Press.Wehmeier, S. et. al (2006). (Ed) Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, (7th Edition), International Students Edition. Oxford University Press.The meaning of political theoryThe meaning of political theoryTHE MEANING OF POLITICAL THEORYHuman life is a complex groundwork on the earths surfac e. It is inevitably interesting to think of how humans think about where they come from, where they are now, their values and norms, differing views and perception about the social, economic and political arrangements of the world they live in, and their hope for a better society or world. Aristotle, (1996) argues that man is by nature a political animal. This get along complicates the already complex human life as it entails that Politics exists at every corner of human life and is an intrinsic feature of mankind, disrespect controversies on what is political and not. These arguments further erupt over the legitimate run and meaning of political phenomenon or empirical political actions, with regards to what Heywood, (2004) refers to as political values or normative concepts, for instance justice, liberty, rights, equality, and descriptive concepts equal power, run and law, to mention a few. Political theory is, therefore, concerned with ethical or normative questions like, H ow should power be distributed amongst individuals and the state?, What should the limit of an individuals rights and liberty be?. But then, what is Political Theory? This paper discusses the meaning of Political theory and attempts to find a better definition of the nomenclature.The passion to find the meaning to Political Theory requires the meaning of theory. The word theory originates from the Greek word theoria, meaning the act or procedure or state of contemplation over something going on with the intention to understand it. Political Theory may, therefore, be described as the act or procedure of having a long thoughtful observation, with intention of understanding the meaning of what may be referred to as political. However, this is not a exposition enough to quench the desire for a better definition, hence make political theory contested.As defined by Held, (1991 cited by Farrelly, 2004), political theory is a network of concepts and generalizations about political life involving ideas, assumptions and statements about the nature, purpose and key features of government, state and society and about the political capabilities of human beings. Heywood, (2004) also contends that political theory is sets of ideas or an idea that in some way seeks to impose order or meaning upon prevailing political phenomena. In general, political theory essentially provides necessary analytical tools like concepts, models, theories and ideologies, to analyze, understand and criticize Political thought and practice.Concepts, as described by Heywood, (2004) serve as building blocks of human knowledge and are, therefore, general idea or mental construct through which meaning is draw out from an otherwise infinitely complex reality. State, presidency, and political party are examples of concepts. However, the complexity of political reality often renders some concepts insufficient to explain, in larger-than-life deal, political practice and are often contested, hence Hey wood, (2004)s argument that Politics as a struggle over the legitimacy of concepts.On this background, models and theories were developed. Models successfully devise representations of empirical data that aim at locomote understanding of a number of concepts by highlighting the significant relationships and interactions among them. A theory comprises many models and establishes an explanatory proposition which comprehensively, systematically, consistently and reliably explains and predicts, in full details, political actions and behavior. Pluralism is an example of a theory and is explained by models of the state, electoral competition and group Politics.Theories are, however, not enough analytical tools to give a wider explanation of the structure of the world and predict future events, hence the occupy for a more comprehensive tool ideologies or paradigms. Heywood, (2004) describes ideologies as intellectual frameworks that comprise interrelated values, theories and assumptions , within which search for knowledge is conducted. Liberalism, Socialism and Conservatism are examples of Political Ideologies. These grand philosophical thoughts explain reality based on the assumptions of what is going on. For instance, if a state claims to be a Liberal, assumptions like existence of capitalist economic system, an individuals space, that is, rights and liberty, precede that of the collective, individual property ownership, are drawn.Analysis made on ideologies revealed their short falls, hence, led to establishment of other ideologies in reaction to these short falls. For instance, the failure of capitalism, unaffixeds economic system, to redistribute wealth between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat led to the evolution of Socialism which emphasizes welfarism.Most students studying Politics evade Political theory toG1 other disciplines that deal with politics, such as political philosophy, political science and history. It is, however, important that a distinct ion line be drawn among these fields of study. Political theory can be insignificant to the exclusion of history and political philosophy. History enriches us with enough knowledge of the political strives that states have experienced and evolved through. It also informs the strains and stress that lead to the creation of political ideologies through the remarkable works of Aristotle, Plato and other great thinkers.Political theory dwells in these premises digs out the history of states and governments analyzes their grand philosophical thoughts, known as political ideologies in order to understand, explain and/or criticize them, and predict future events. Political theory deals with thoroughgoing problems of the state, such as rights, liberty, justice and equality to mention a few. It does not create the fundamentals themselves, but only tries to analyze, understand and explain them so as to predict better social, economic and political arrangements that will create what Heywood, (2004) refers to as a good or just society. For example, Political theory is not concerned with what liberty and rights are. It is rather interested in comprehending the extent to which the exercise of rights and liberty is just.Political tTheory can be approached in two imperative ways. On one hand is the normative or tradition approach which concentrates on the historical, philosophical, institutional and legal orientations of political phenomenon, for instance, doubting Thomas Hobbes theory of the state. On the other hand empirical approach believes in facts, as opposed to values, obtained through scientific methods to make sense of political behavior for example, David Eastons model of a political system. Political theory invariably treasures both normative values and empirical facts in order to predict a just society.It is apparent from the discussions on this paper that a precise definition for political theory is invariably difficult as it is subject to contention due to its complexity. It incorporates necessary aspects of history, political philosophy and political science. Nevertheless, political theory can be describes as nothing but a field of study that provides analytical tools, like concepts, models, theories and ideologies or paradigms in order to impose meaning, understanding, criticism and prediction of political thought and action. It treasures both normative values and empirical facts to predict political phenomenon and it is through a vast knowledge of these analytical tools that a just society can be predicted.REFERENCESAristotle, (1996). The Politics and the Constitution of Athens. Cambridge Cambridge University PressFarrelly, C. (2004). Contemporary Political Theory, London Sage PublicationsHeywood, A. (2004). Political Theory, An Introduction, 3rd ed. London Palgrave Macmillan1G1Wrong preposition

Problems Faced by Starbucks in India

Problems compositors case up by Starbucks in IndiaJump to SWOT Analyis of Starbucks PEST Analysis of StarbucksStarbucks umber bean Company has g unitary through some major sword all overs throughout its exis disco biscuitce. Starbucks was ab initio a small entrepreneurial assembly line partnership, which sold only roasted deep brown bean beans, tea, and spices. Later on, Starbucks took on a director by the adduce of Howard Schultz, who had expectant resourcefulness for the ac community, still whose bases were rejected. Schultz went on to later purchase the peck and grow it to what we now jockey as one of the vaingloriousst and most love drinking chocolate duress in the country. Having grow into s incessantlyal refreshing(prenominal) countries, much(prenominal) as Canada, lacquer, and chinaw atomic number 18, Starbucks yearned to step foot in the Indian foodstuff and intrust its footprint there. However, this invasion would non be as easy as they had ho ped.Case 7 Starbucks Coffee CompanyFounded in 1971 by Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin, and Zez Siegel, Starbucks was evidently a organise for consumers to purchase steep choice, dark roasted, whole burnt umber beans. As is the burnt umber tree addiction tr give the axe, this was a popular enthronement for the partners. The transmission line did very thoroughly and had expanded to five sell freeings indoors ten geezerhood. In 1982, Howard Schultz joined the corporation as the director of Retail operations and Marketing. While on a business trip in Milan, Italy, he had an epiphany. Fresh brewed chocolate was non limited to households, as Milan alone had 1,500 cocoa bars. He wished to expand Starbucks to sell freshly brewed coffee tree tree as tumesce, and to turn the coffee bar experience of Italy home to the states and to Starbucks clientele. Schultz suggestions were shot down, pushing him to let the company and give life to his deals on his own. Having worked ou t many initially neglected concepts, his coffee bar, Il Giornale, became a huge success, r separatelying about $500,000 annual sales by mid 1987 and having attained three locations, one of which was loose in Canada.Current SituationIn 2006, Schultz announced Starbucks jailed to expand into the countries of Russia and India. Indias conditions for mart entry were pretty favorable, and it seemed like a great time to make their move. The world is mettlesome and the majority of the population is late and is expected to detain youthful for historic period to come. It has become a place for many companies to outsource resultion and services, and is simply all around a great opportunity. However, there argon in addition constraining factors for economic proceeds. just when the government announced permission, per their approval and accredited restrictions, for Foreign Direct investment funds in retail give-and-take of single brand products, several twines announced their i nnovations to take advantage of this opportunity.Current Per spurtanceStarbucks coffee houses serviced, throw intained, and provided a heathen gentle wind to over 40 one million million million customers in its 7,600 retail locations in the United States alone. Starbucks entered markets realms at daily place through a st ordinategicalal syllabus that phenomenally gained success in China, Asia, and Japan bonny the leader in specialty coffee around the world. By the end of 2006 and with c beful environsally s freighterning through strategic measures based on the objectives, mission, and having a vision for the Starbucks brand, Starbucks entered enunciate ventures, partnerships, and market segments which increase its sales to over 300% reaching $103 million in 2 years that is, from 1990 to 1992. Starbucks flips an compartmentalization and well desired variety of insurance premium coffee fitted to the cultures of its retail outlet locations. Despite the intense contend r Starbucks next destination was to reach into the market segments of India and Russia however, many economic, technological, political-legal, and socio-cultural factors existed. Starbucks faced constraints of encompassing the productions of its high quality premium coffee beans at the risk of distributions and control of workers well-being, and its established cover relationships.Corporate judicature . Having seen the accuracy of his visions in his own coffee bars, Schultz decided to purchase the assets, including the company hang, of Starbucks when they became available for sale in 1987. He refaced his Il Giornale stores to Starbucks stores, and promised his investors ripening. Schultz then began his move to take over the world, several Starbucks locations at a time. In 1992, later seeing drastic growth over the past three years, the heap went usual, raising $29 million from their Initial Public Offering. Schultz then went on to dominate the U.S. market with the companys h igh quality products and services. After having taken over the market, the company began on the job(p) on bleak products as well. Initially, Schultz refused to franchise the company name for fear that he would lose the business model he had worked so hard to build. He wanted to ensure that customers everywhere neat the homogeneous quality, experience, knowledge, and service during their visit no matter what location they walked in to. Even partnerships were cheeseparingly examined and evaluated before receiving approval. Corporations had to be reputable and value the Starbucks name and image if they wished to serve the brand.Current Performance. Since the inception of Starbucks after being purchased by Schultz, the corporation has been emergence rapidly and successfully in North America. In 1994, the company was formed into Starbucks internationalistic, wishing to expand its footprint to other countries. The company had three goals in mind prevent tilt from gaining the lea d in other countries, benefit from the high number of coffee drinkers in other populations, and build on the growing demand for Western brands. Starbucks began opening foreign locations in 1996. Having done their homework, Starbucks saw great opportunity in Japan, as it was a rapidly growing market for coffee, especially specialty coffee, and chose that as their first tar energiseed location. The company continued to grow into other countries and dominate markets well into the early 2000s. Japan is the companys largest revenue source outside of North America, and the chain continues to thrive in all the countries it occupies.Strategic Posture . Starbucks has announced their intention to enter the Indian market numerous times now. In battle array to enter the market successfully and strongly, and with the intent to take a breather there for years to come, they need to find a trust expensey, competent partner. The company is still working(a) on finding that partner, in which they can put their trust, to hold true to the Starbucks name and brand. Although the Indian market is a great opportunity, the company holds its determine and business model to be more(prenominal)(prenominal) important. Starbucks has made efforts to stay blue jet by using recycled cups, and even revamping the carte du jour to take healthier take aimions. They behave formed Starbucks Entertainment, argon planning to publish books, and coming up with new ideas on a regular basis. Schultz is dead serious about victorious his company Hollywood and beyond (Horovitz, 2006). Schultz has worked hard to build and grow his brand. Therefore, they depart not partner with simply anyone.DiscussionWithin the industry markets that Starbucks faces is a problem reflected by the absence of empowerment and the responsibility of co-operative structures that go beyond the global supply chains engaged in sh ard responsibilities within poorer countries. Starbucks faced a dilemma regarding the well- being of its workers where constraints of resources, health concern, and fair trade organizations rested on the consumers buying decision to buy fair trade products. There seems to be big plans in the making for corporate conglomerate with no real social responsibilities and only strategic maneuvering yet, Starbucks marketing mechanism was not through the media but by word of mouth which was a faraway reach into the homes and lives of those who consumed not just coffee or tea but Starbucks coffee. Starbucks coffee now left with its very own strategy and vision embraced by a coffee culture is threatened in a market that has to contend with its workers and its coffee maintainrs well-being and earmarked by threats of market-based sanctions in the form of reputational damage (MacDonald, 2007) if it failed to comply with activist demands regarding health concerns and economic governance.What are the strengths and weaknesses of Starbucks world(prenominal)?What are the opportunities an d threats facing Starbucks?SWOT ANALYSISStrengths1 specialty coffee retailer11,000 stores in 36 countries w/ 10,000 employees40 Million customers every weekUncompromising quality, customer service and relationships (captured social nerve of coffee)Knowledge ( advice in brewing)Sophisticated Store phylogenesis (6-mo. opening schedule)Expansion strategy (20 more stores 1st 2 yrs)Took advantage of higher coffee manipulation rates in other countriesUsed joint ventures and licenses to enter foreign marketsWeakness merchandise pricingLarge Company (quick to expand)WeaknessesToo many stores in the same radiusCultural issues (Japan food coffee), no smokingHigh exist (Rent advertise)No In house facilities (Roasting)Less control of stores on US soilTea drinking countries op pose coffeeOpportunitiesStarbucks to offer the finest coffee in the world to India within the next 18 months.Starbucks had an awesome image, more than offering fine coffee, great music, great people, a comfortable/ upbeat come across place, and sound advice on brewing at home.Made locations in high-traffic (e.g. Malls, busy street corners, and grocery stores)Starbucks strategi distinguishy gained a foothold in the market it entered and quickly moved on to the next market.Starbucks became the leading worker in Boston overnightStarbucks was able to build a plan to open stores daily.ThreatsStarbucks postponed entry into India in the face of problems in Japan and deep entered ChinaJapan originally a tea drinking country, with a per capita consumption of coffee in 1965 of 300g/ mean solar dayStarbucks was opening stores too close to each other which affected their brand imageStarbucks gained intense competition who took advantage by including elaborate food menus, and had separate smoking areas.Japan had high rent and cost of laborChina was traditionally a tea drinking companyOpportunities (continuation)Much like China, India has traditionally been a tea culture, yet a growing coffee culture is emerging, among the countrys boylike adults.Starbucks did joint ventures, licensing, and partnerships internationally.Joint Ventures helped to get their name out there with a reputable company already doing business there for years so they have the know-how when it comes to the customers of that region and their demandsThreats (continuation)China had inadequate infrastructure, bureaucracy, regulatory and foreign investment controls, the reservation of key products for small scale industries, and high fiscal deficits agonistic economic growth in IndiaIndia was the largest producer and consumer of teaStarbucks faced the quarrel of the increasing obesity rate in India.Starbucks was the target of consumer health groups against high-calorie and high fat products which led to obesity, heart disease and cancerWhat are the strategic factors facing Starbucks? PEST AnalysisThe strategic factors facing Starbucks is maintaining its identity darn pursuing its product reach within the interna tional markets where its premium prices for its products are served in poorer countries.Political and Legal factorsStarbucks sought after potential joint venture partnerships in India and Russia.To prepare for the interpersonal business relationships, partnerships and future business endeavors, Starbucks sought to espouse a competitive intelligent strategy by gathering key information such as scouting locations and meeting with government officials prior to entering these markets to fully gain the additional market knowledge required for its success.Government actions contacted Starbucks as a challenge with exchange control, trade agreements, trademarks, and other foreign regulations all of which nurseed the working farmers and their rights.Economic Factors The Starbucks product and service offerings allowed in Japan were twice that much in the United States and yet Starbucks incurred huge losses due to the surmounting consumption of the Japanese intake of its gourmet and premiu m priced coffees. In 1997 alone Starbucks opened 10 stores in prime locations thereafter, Starbucks reined with profits from the 3.17 grams of coffee consumption per day allowing in 2002 Starbucks to open well over 360 stores. The strategy Starbucks initialized in its mission, objectives, and vision to be a success was to be the first to move to get a head start on the competition however, analysis indicated that Starbucks cultural and high traffic locations were too close to one another and the socio-cultural aspect this affected the Starbucks brand image.Starbucks coffee entered new markets with new leadership that accepted the culture, history, and quality behind premium coffee however, the no-smoking policy, high rent, and cost of labor in Japan posed great challenges to Starbucks.Starbucks incurred additional losses with the exchange of materials. Starbucks only offered India ground roasted premium coffee beans, Japan did not have a roasting facility therefore, Starbucks paid additional exaltation costs to allow shipment of its coffee from its roasting facility in Kent to Japan.Socioeconomical Factors The vision imposed by Mr. Schultz, the new owner of Starbucks, no extended wanted coffee to be sold as a produce but instead wanted the Starbucks coffee to reach into the heart and brain of its consumers. The coffee consumption rates in different international markets such as in the Asian markets where coffee market is in the development stage, Starbucks faced the challenge of having to educate the market and future consumers about the quality of coffee, the experience, and the idea of coffee away from health concerns.Pricing decisions in India posed a great challenge to Starbucks due to the increase in disposable income and economic situations that affected their idea about coffee which includedShifts in demographics and social trends such as the age of the coffee consumer.The obesity rates which have an impact on corporate responsibility programs.Compet itive disadvantages over better service than Starbucks Western style.technical factors Maintaining the Starbucks coffee culture without impact to its foreign trade relations impacted the commerce in China many were opposed to the Starbucks culture of a Western coffee chain.In China the traditional consumption of tea was dominant over coffee and preference was made to instant coffee as opposed to the Starbucks premium fresh roasted coffee partly because coffee was mainly for train urban consumers.Does Starbucks possess a distinctive competency? If yes, does it fit the Indian market?We absolutely believe that Starbucks does possess a distinctive competency. They are the leader in high quality, dark roasted, whole Arabica coffee beans. They besides offer such a large variety of flavors. Their extensive product line similarly appeals to the different tastes of their heterogeneous consumer base. Given that the company has expanded to encompass a lounge, creating a homey feeling, and s erve food items as well, the atmosphere is very inviting and welcoming, attracting the variant crowd.The environment Starbucks locations create for the public would take extremely well in the Indian market. Coffee consumption in India is growing drastically, although too different likings. The trustworthy coffee bars in India provide some similar environments to that of Starbucks, and the ones which are different appear to be simple enough to where Starbucks can meet the needs of the Indian consumers, should it discern to adjust slightly. For example, there is a Garden Caf, and a Cyber Caf, as well as a Highway Caf. If Starbucks wishes to stay competitive and can do so without hurting their current image, they can create similar cafs with the same type of peaceful home away from home environment which they currently strive to achieve.However, simply due to the number of coffee shops in India, and the fact that much of the Indian population has no preference for filtered coffee ov er instant, it may present a difficult situation for Starbucks to remain competitive as far as pricing, quality, and overall reasons why the consumers should select their brand over the existing ones. During a company conference call on May 3, 2006, Howard Schultz wrapped up his portion of the discussion with a statement of motivation and goal declaration. Looking ahead, the ambition and the level of fervency to continue to grow present us with greater opportunity than ever before. With a long growth trajectory and so much opportunity ahead, we testament strive to continue to provide the highest quality products and service and protect our brand and reputation as we innovate and grow into the future (Schultz, 2006).What are the keys to success in Starbucks operating in India?For Starbucks to be successful in India they must concentrate on the home countrys food habits and especially the current and upcoming Indian beverage market.In the United States the Starbucks current menu con sist of muffins, yogurts, sandwiches, paninis, cookies and cakes. Though these delicious treats are suffice to the general public from area to area here in the states, the diversity of Indias culture make it thus that dishes are distinctive from one region to another. What we do know is that spicy foods and sweet foods remained popular across the board in India as well as wheats, rice and gravy based dishes.What this means for Starbucks is that certain locations volition have to make offerings that are very specific to that region as there is no one size fits all for this culture. If Starbucks were to offer dishes at its locations, they would need to have the food cooked and prepared in a way that was native to the residents. Starbucks would also need to take in key if the locations would be primarily in northern or southern India, as South Indians consume most coffee.Another key to Starbucks success is how they interpose themselves into the Indian beverage market. Similar to the food habits of Indian residents, taste and preferences for beverages is heady by your geographic location. Most Northern Indians are tea drinkers and an infrequent coffee drinker I suggest Starbucks should figure out how to interchange those casual drinkers to full time coffee drinkers. The reason being is the growth of quick service chains that is continually expanding in India, in an oblige by The Economic Times they expressed that the quick-service restaurant market is worth $13 billion and grows roughly 25-30 percent a year and that Indias sinless food service market is worth $64 billion (Starbucks, dunkin donuts, 2011). Because of this large amount of growth, Starbucks target market should be the young and the trendy. Indias population has 700 million people who are under the age of 30 which accounts for 60 percent of their population (Starbucks, dunkin donuts, 2011). For example hometown cafes like Caf Coffee Day, Italian Barista and Costa are receiving positive respons es from the youth and these cafs are gaining popularity among their group (Mohapatra, 2010).With the consistent growth of the coffee industry at 5 to 6 percent a year (Mohapatra, 2010) I see no reason why Starbucks shouldnt be successful in India if our suggestions are followed.What products does Starbucks offer?Starbucks coffee is an expensive high premium coffee grown from Arabica beans, which accounts for approximately 10% of the total intercontinental coffee purchases. The coffees are sold under the Starbucks, Seattles Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia brands and includeHot drinks Venti, Grande, Tall, and Short andCold drinks Iced Venti, Iced Grande, Iced Tall, and Frappucino to name a few.Starbucks Coffees Regular, Decaffeinated, Starbucks VIA (ready brew french roast), Starbucks Reserve (exotic, rare, and exquisite coffees), Coffee from mild to extra bold.Starbucks international Starbucks Latin American, Africa Arabia, Asia Pacific, Multi-Regional, Specialty, Organic, Whol e Bean, and Ground coffees, syrups, and powered blends. Starbucks Beijing offered coffee beverages, 15 varieties and blends of the finest Arabica coffee beans, fresh baked pastries and desserts. Starbucks Japan included an elaborate food menu.Starbucks offers coffee pods, filter packs, portion packs, and instant coffee products.Starbucks offers coffee empowers, gift boxes, gift packs, brewing equipment, drink-ware including espresso machines, coffee makers, coffee presses, grinders, teakettles, teapots and accessories including gift cards and delivery of its products.Starbucks stores also offered fresh pastries and sandwiches. (Japan)Are circumstances appropriate at this time for Starbucks to successfully enter into the Indian market?I believe that circumstances are appropriate for Starbucks to successfully enter into India. With a newly signed agreement with Tata and a growing young adult generation, Starbucks can have a strong impact on the coffee market in India. Starbucks remai n rooted to its core beliefs and objectives if it is going to succeed in India. The agreement with Tata, a gold medal Robusta coffee producer, shows that Starbucks is not abandoning its premium and rich culture. It will continue to produce its tasteful and premium coffee to the India urban community. Indias population is also one of the youngest in the world. According to a study by 2020 the average age of an Indian person would be 29 years old. This young generation will help shift the country from a primary based tea drinking company to more of a coffee based country. This younger generation in India also has a taste for Western culture. Starbucks is a strong Western company that can have a strong impact in India.Starbucks will face challenges with coffee competitors that have made their imprint on the Indian community. These competitors are Caf Coffee Day, Qwikys, and Barista. Starbucks still has competitive western advantage when compared to these other competitors. Their prices are also said to be in line with its competitors, giving Starbucks a chance to succeed.To enter the Indian market successfully they must see that the Indian people are focused on leading a healthy lifestyle. Starbucks high calorie, fat products will pose a challenge of successfully entering the market. With good management and a strong strategic plan, Starbucks can successfully conquer these challenges in India. The Indian market is growing and Starbucks has the culture and product to succeed.What are the 3 reasons that Starbucks International pursues international enlargement?Starbucks International pursues international expansion with the sole desire to recreate the Italian coffee culture with these important variables in mind.To take on its competition early on from gaining a head start in international markets.To build upon its growing desire for the Western brandsTo benefit from the higher coffee consumption rates in different countries.Monitored Trends in the International alliance and International Natural EnvironmentsPolitical-Legal Environmental protection laws, foreign trade regulations, stableness of government, attitudes towards foreign companies, tax laws, and anti-trust regulations impacts the governance and the strategies preempted by Starbucks.Economic GDP, Inflation rates, salary/Price controls, Disposable and discretionary income of international markets reflects consumer demands and sales.Sociocultural Lifestyle changes, rate of family formation, growth rate of population, age distribution of population, health care, living wage, and unionization.Technological Total industry spending for RD, focus of technology efforts, patent protection, new products, and environmental awareness standards that would allow for better management of crops, more economical farming, reduction in cost, increase yields, and decrease environmental impact.8b. Are each of these criteria met in the Indian Market?Yes, these 3 criteria are met in the Indian market. Since there are only three big name coffee spots in India, Starbucks is acting early before other coffee companies in North America or Europe mimic their idea of entering the Indian market. Many retail giants are entering India at this time, it is important that Starbucks enters to get a head start on the competition. By entering now Starbucks may obtain certain locations that are seeming to be profitable before competitors or other retail giants acquire the space. Since Western brands are popular among the younger generation in India, Starbucks has met this monetary standard in the Indian market. With one of the youngest populations in the world, the Indian market will see an increased demand for Western products by this generation. Starbucks comfortable atmosphere and it ambiance of an extended family will make coffee more dear(p) in the Indian market if they choose to enter. Coffee consumption has also seen a steady rise recently. In 2005 coffee consumption in India jumped to 85,000 tons. Starbucks is hopeful that this consumption will steadily increase over the years. If they enter the market now they have a strong chance of succeeding. With the increased consumption of coffee in this primarily tea-based country, the Indian market has met Starbucks International criteria of benefiting from a growing coffee consumption rate.

Results Chapter on CMV Infection Research

Results Chapter on cytomegalovirus Infection ResearchResultsThis study has been conducted on 366 patients with venture cytomegalovirus infection attending pediatric department at Zagazig University Hospital. tabulate (1) era distribution of the examine patients (except for neonates with intrinsic anomalies) (N=344) examine patients (N=344)no(prenominal)%Age (years)Mean SD9.9 3.4Median (Range)10.0 (3.5 18.0)The mean age and bill deviation (SD) of ages of the canvas patients (except for neonates with inbred anomalies) in years as shown in table (1) was 9.9 3.4. table (2) Age distribution of neonates with congenital anomalies (N=22) analyse patients (N=22) zero(prenominal)%Age of neonates with congenital anomalies group (days)Mean SDMedian (Range)4.1 1.64.0 (2.0 7.0) carry over (2) shows that The mean age and standard deviation (SD) of ages ofneonates with congenital anomalies were 4.1 1.6 days plug-in (3) Sex distribution of the canvas patients (N=366) examine patient s (N=366) no.%SexMale20255.2%Female16444.8% display board(3) shows that 55.2% (202 out of 366) of the analyse patients were males, while 44.8% were females. depend (1) Pie diagram showing sex distribution of the analyze patients (N=366) defer (4) Distribution of the risk factors among the studied patients (N=366)Risk factorsStudied patients (N=366) no%Malignant hematologic unhealthiness with chemotherapy4311.7 %Receiving repeated agate line occupation blood transfusion16444.8 % feverishness of unknown rip164.4 %critically ill patients hypocrisy in the ICUs with pro keen-sighteded hospital care287.7 %Receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressives for long utmost226 %inveterate renal failure with hemodialysis6417.5 %Fever with pancytopenia71.9 %Neonates with congenital anomalies226 %As shown in table (4) and figure (2),44.8% of the studied patients were receiving repeated blood transfusion, 17.5% were deplorable from chronic renal failure and receiving hemodialysis, 11.7% were suffering from Malignant hematological illness and receiving chemotherapy, 7.7% were critically ill patients lying in the ICUs with elongate hospitalization, 6% were receiving immunosuppressive agents for long period, 6% were neonates with congenital anomalies, 4.4% had fever of unknown origin, and 1.9% suffered from fever with pancytopenia. participate (2) Pie diagram showing Distribution of the risk factors in the studied patients (N=366). dining table (5) Results of enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G for cytomegalovirus in the enrolled patients (N=366)enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay resultsStudied patients (N=366)IgM ordained6016.4 % blackball30683.6 %immunoglobulin G confirming9325.4 % blackball27374.6 %Over all seropositivityPositive both IgM and immunoglobulin G10929.8 %As shown in table (5), out of the 366 studied patients, 60 (16.4%) and 93 (25.4%) were corroboratory for cytomegalovirus IgM and immunog lobulin G in an ELISA establish respectively.Table (6) Agreement amid ELISA IgM and IgG in the studied patients (N=366)ELISA IgMELISA IgGTotal interrogationP-value banishPositiveNegative zero(prenominal)257493060.4690.000*(HS)% 94.1 %52.7 %83.6 %Positive nary(prenominal)164460% 5.9 %47.3 %16.4 %TotalNo.27393366% 100.0 %100.0 %100.0 % Kappa billhook of contractP 0.05 is meaningful.Statistical SignificanceStandards for potentiality of agreement for the kappa coefficient0=poor,.01-.20=slight,.21-.40=fair,.41-.60=moderate,.61-.80=substantial, and.81-1= intimately perfect.Table 6 shows that there is a moderate agreement amid ELISA IgM and IgG in the detection of cytomegalovirus in khildren with high statistical significance.Table (7) Prevalence of CMV IgM seropositivity among opposite risk groupsRisk FactorsNo.Studied patients (N=366)Positive IgMNo.%Malignant hematological indisposition with chemotherapy(43)818.6 %Receiving repeated blood transfusion(164)3621.9 %Fever of unknow n origin(16)850 %Critically ill patients lying in the ICUs with prolonged hospitalization(28)00 %Receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressives for long period(22)00 %Chronic renal failure with haemodialysis(64)812.5 %Fever with pancytopenia(7)00 %Neonates with congenital anomalies(22)00 %Table (7) and figure (3) show that the highest preponderance (50%) of CMV IgM seropositivity was reported from patients suffering from fever of unknown origin.Figure (3) Bar chart showing prevalence of CMV IgM seropositivity among contrasting risk groupsTable (8) Association between CMV IgM seropositivity and unlike risk factorsRisk factorsNo.Studied patients (N=366) try onp-valueELISA IgMPositive (N=60)Negative(N=306)No.%No.%Malignant hematological disease with chemotherapy(43)818.6 %3581.4%11.170.010(S)Receiving repeated blood transfusion(164)3621.9 %12878%Fever of unknown origin(16)850 %850%Chronic renal failure with haemodialysis(64)812.5 %5687.5% chi square rivuletP 0.05 is significan t.*statistical SignificanceTable (9) Prevalence of CMV IgG seropositivity among different risk groupsRisk factorsNo.Studied patients (N=366)Positive IgGNo.%Malignant hematological disease with chemotherapy(43)00 %Receiving repeated blood transfusion(164)6338.4 %Fever of unknown origin(16)00 %Critically ill patients lying in the ICUs with prolonged hospitalization(28)00 %Receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressives for long period(22)00 %Chronic renal failure with haemodialysis(64)812.5 %Fever with pancytopenia(7)00 %Neonates with congenital anomalies(22)22100 %Table (9) and figure (4) show that the highest prevalence (100%) of CMV IgG seropositivity was reported from neonates with congenital anomalies.Figure (4) Bar chart showing prevalence of CMV IgG seropositivity among different risk groups.Table (10) Association between CMV IgG seropositivity and different risk factorsRisk factorsNo.Studied patients (N=366)Testp-valueELISA IgGPositive (N=93)Negative (N=273)No.%No.%Rec eiving repeated blood transfusion(164)6338.4%10161.6%53.960.000*(HS)Chronic renal failure with haemodialysis(64)812.5%5687.5%Neonates with congenital anomalies(22)22100%00% chi square testP 0.05 is significant.*highly statistical SignificanceTable (11) Results of accepted clip PCR for CMV in the enrolled patients (N=366) authorized time PCRStudied patients (N=366)Positive369.8%Negative33090.2%Table (11) shows that 9.8% (36 out of 366) of the studied patients were positive for CMV in original time PCR test.Table (12) Results of nested PCR for CMV in the enrolled patients (N=366)Nested PCRStudied patients (N=366)Positive297.9%Negative33792.1%Table (12) shows that 7.9% (29 out of 366) of the studied patients were positive for CMV in nested PCR test.Figure (4) Results of veritable time PCR and nested PCR for CMV in the enrolled patients.Figure (5) 1st run nested PCR showing band at 435 bp.Figure (6) 2ndrun nested PCR showing band at 159 bp.Table (13) Prevalence of CMV infection in t he studied patients (using real time PCR as a gold standard test)Risk factorsNo.Studied patients(N=366)PositiveNo.%Malignant hematological disease with chemotherapy(43)3683.7%Receiving repeated blood transfusion(164)00%Fever of unknown origin(16)00%Critically ill patients lying in the ICUs with prolonged hospitalization(28)00%Receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressives for long period(22)00%Chronic renal failure with haemodialysis(64)00%Fever with pancytopenia(7)00%Neonates with congenital anomalies(22)00%As shown in table (13), CMV infection (using real time PCR as a gold standard test) was only reported from patients suffering from malignant hematological disease and receiving chemotherapy, where 83.7% of these patients were positive for CMV.Figure (7) Figure (8) Table (14) Titer of CMV viremia in patients with malignant hematological disease receiving chemotherapyQuantitative PCRStudied patients (N=366)Mean SD6907.30 15846.04Median (Range)623.50 (3.70 57500)The mean titer and SD of titers of CMV viremia in patients with malignant hematological disease receiving chemotherapy as shown in table (14) was 6907.30 15846.04.Table (15) Results of Nested PCR for CMV among different risk groupsRisk factorsNo.Studied patients(N=366)PositiveNo.%Malignant hematological disease with chemotherapy(43)2967.4%Receiving repeated blood transfusion(164)00%Fever of unknown origin(16)00%Critically ill patients lying in the ICUs with prolonged hospitalization(28)00%Receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressives for long period(22)00%Chronic renal failure with haemodialysis(64)00%Fever with pancytopenia(7)00%Neonates with congenital anomalies(22)00% cardinal nine out of 43 patients suffering from malignant hematological disease with chemotherapy with a percentage of 67.4 were positive for CMV in a nested PCR test as shown in table (15).Table (16) Relation between ELISA IgM and real time PCR and nested PCR in the studied patients (N=366)Agreement between ELISA I gM and real time PCR and nested PCR in the studied patients (N=366) science laboratory findingsELISA TestP-valuePositive IgM(N=60)Negative IgM(N=306)No.%No.%Real time PCRPositive (n=36)822.2 %2877.8 % 0.050. 320(NS)Negative (n=330)5215.8 %27884.2 %Nested PCRPositive827.6 %2172.4 %0.0820.090(NS)Negative5215.4 %28584.6 % Kappa neb of agreementP 0.05 is significant.Statistical SignificanceStandards for strength of agreement for the kappa coefficient0=poor,.01-.20=slight,.21-.40=fair,.41-.60=moderate,.61-.80=substantial, and.81-1= near perfect.As shown in table 16, there is poor statistical agreement between ELISA IgM and PCR reactions in the detection of CMV in children with no significance.Table (17) Relation between ELISA IgG and real time PCR and nested PCR in the studied patients (N=366)Agreement between ELISA IgG and real time PCR and nested PCR in the studied patients (N=366)Laboratory findingsELISATestP-valuePositive IgG(N=93)Negative IgG(N=273)No.%No.%Real time PCRPositive (n= 36)00 %36100 % -0.1370.001*(HS)Negative (n=330)9328.2 %23771.8 %Nested PCRPositive00 %29100 %-0.1650.000*(HS)Negative9327.6 %24472.4 % Kappa measure of agreementP 0.05 is significant.*highly statistical SignificanceStandards for strength of agreement for the kappa coefficient0=poor,.01-.20=slight,.21-.40=fair,.41-.60=moderate,.61-.80=substantial, and .81-1=almost perfect.A high statistically significant non-agreement is present between ELISA IgG and PCR reactions in the detection of CMV in childrenas shown in table 17.Table (18) Relation between real time PCR and nested PCR in the studied patients (N=366)Agreement between real time PCR and nested PCR in the studied patients (N=366)Laboratory findingsNested PCRTestP-valuePositive(N=29)Negative (N=337)No.%No.%Real time PCRPositive (n=36)29100 %72.1 % 0.8820.000*(HS)Negative (n=330)00 %33097.9 % Kappa measure of agreementP 0.05 is significant.*highly statistical SignificanceStandards for strength of agreement for the kappa coefficient0 =poor,.01-.20=slight,.21-.40=fair,.41-.60=moderate,.61-.80=substantial, and .81-1=almost perfect.Table 18 shows that there is an almost perfect statistical agreement between real time PCR and nested PCR in the detection of CMV in children with high significance.Table (19) Relation between real time PCR and nested

Essay examples --

Scientists have been successful in the beas of re-create before, exactly a find in 2013 is helping the area of cannon cadre usage. There is much controversy over the use of floor cells, but this new technology whitethorn help lessen that. employ a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer, researchers cloned a forgiving embryo. Within an embryo are embryonic groundwork cells, which are ridiculous because of their never-ending list of uses. Stem cells are a crucial divide of m each new medical research projects because they can be manipulated into producing any type of bodily cell, including more infrastructure cells. With the use of root word cells, scientists may be able to produce organs, create vaccines, and possibly find cures for many an(prenominal) diseases. Cloning has been a goal of scientists and researchers for decades. In 1996, the first mammal was successfully cloned a sheep named Dolly. Then, in 2007, researchers at the Oregon National Primate look i nto Center cloned the embryos of primates. The goal of embryonic re-create is to crush out embryonic infrastructure cells, which are desirable because of their wide variety of uses in research. Embryonic stem cells are rare because they are found only in a four or five day-old embryo. In 2013, researchers achieved an astonishing breakthrough by cloning a human embryo and thus, were able to extract embryonic stem cells. This breakthrough is crucial to the development of stem cell research, since it is a way for stem cells to be used without harming a animation human embryo. While there are other alternatives to retrieve stem cells, including the reprogramming of an adult stem cell to create an induced pluripotent stem cell, much(prenominal) technologies have not yet been perfected.In May of 2013, an 8-month-old baby with a genetic disease was brou... ...oping stages, there are no major vendors or customers. In the future, once laboratories perfect treatments using stem cells, t hey will be the vendors to the hospitals hoping to use those technologies to treat patients and save lives. I believe the use of stem cells will have a positive impact on our society. We are always looking for ways to cure any diseases that affect our habitual lives, from cancer to diabetes. With the use of stem cells, we could see a cure for these diseases in the future and millions will benefit. The cloning of embryos to extract embryonic stem cells is an frightful breakthrough for scientists worldwide. The possibilities for stem cell use are endless and cloning is a new way to achieve them. Potential problems may entangle further ethics debates and a possible shortage of donor eggs, but I believe scientists will overcome these obstacles.

Criminal Accountability and the Essay example -- Biology Essays Resear

bend Accountability and the I Function The prevalence and misuse of the insanity justification in our legal system is astounding. Cases upon cases site drugs, brain tumors, car accidents involving peak injury, blackouts and antisocial behavior as circumstantial evidence of a evil that was committed. These crimes involve murder, rape and robbery. The question of where criminal accountability dwells and how we are fitted to hold someone accountable for an act may boil mint to the brain itself. Where in the brain do reason, morality and inhibition lie? If these areas are affected by some disorder does that then suppose that a criminal is no longer held accountable for their actions? Is there a specific area of the brain where accountability itself may lie? These come along to be questions that are not only debated in the classroom, but hospitals and courtrooms as well.The classic example of this dilemma is the case of Phineas Gage. Phineas lived circa 1845 and was a railroad ac tor known for macrocosm a kind and generous family man. However, Phineas suffered from a underprivileged accident. After a dynamite explosion caused a metal pole to be passed through Phineass head, he was a changed man. Phineas no longer was interested in family life, his personality seemed somehow changed. He became a drifter and a rebel and has left scientists wondering to this day how he was able to be totally unaffected by a metal rod being passed through his skull despite the obvious change in his moral think and determine (1). This has led neurologists to believe that moral reasoning and the existence of values may be localized to one are of the brain. How else can we exempt Phineas? Neuroscientists at the University of Iowa were interested in this phenomeno... ...ing of the brain itself. The legal system has to check brain research. While we may not find exactly where the I is, we can become much closer to understanding what disorders truly magnetic core the ability to understand ones actions and be held accountable for them. WWW Sources1) Cyberpunks.org , http//cyberpunks.org/display/176/ condition/2) The Biological bum of Morality part 2 , http//www.theatlantic.com/issues/98apr/bio2.htm3) The Biological Basis of Morality , http//www.theatlantic.com/issues/98apr/biomoral.htm4) Aggression and Insanity , http//www.forensic-psychologist.com/pub/or12-3.html5) Mincey vs. Head , http//www.law.emory.edu/11circuit/mar2000/97-9078.man.html6) Mental affection and Criminal Responsibility , search results for insanity defense and mental complainthttps//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/,