Biodiesel in Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Bio diesel in Malaysia EssayIn the United States, the mass of biodiesel is made from soybean or canola rock covers, but is also made from waste stream sources such as used formulation anoints or animal fats. Biodiesel is a diesel replacement send away that is manufactured from vegetables oil colours, recycled cooking greases or oils, or animal fats. History of biodiesel around the demesne Transesterification of a vegetable oil was conducted as early as 1853 by scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick, galore(postnominal) years before the first diesel engine became functional. Rudolf Diesels tip model, a single 10 ft (3 m) iron cylinder with a flywheel at its base, ran on its give birth power for the first time in Augsburg, Germany on August 10, 1893.In remembrance of this event, August 10 has been declared International Biodiesel Day. Diesel later demonstrated his engine and received the Grand Prix (highest prize) at the World Fair in Paris, France in 1900. This engine st ood as an example of Diesels vision because it was powered by potato bean oil a biofuel, though non biodiesel, since it was not transesterified. He believed that the utilization of biomass fuel was the real succeeding(a) of his engine. In a 1912 speech Diesel said, The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem peanut today but such oils may become, in the course of time, as important as vegetable oil and the coal-tar products of the present time. During the 1920s, diesel engine manufacturers altered their engines to utilize the lower viscosity of petrodiesel (a fossil fuel), rather than vegetable oil (a biomass fuel). The petroleum industries were able to make inroads in fuel markets because their fuel was much cheaper to produce than the biomass alternatives. The result, for many years, was a near elimination of the biomass fuel production infrastructure. Only deep have environmental touch concerns and a decreasing cost differential made biomass fuels such as biodiesel a growing alternative. look for into the use of transesterified sunflower oil, and refining it to diesel fuel standards, was initiated in South Africa in 1979. By 1983 the attend to for producing fuel-quality, engine-tested biodiesel was completed and published internation all toldy.An Austrian company, Gaskoks, obtained the technology from the South African Agricultural Engineers the company erected the first biodiesel buff plant in November 1987, and the first industrial-scale plant in April 1989 (with a capacity of 30,000 tons of rapeseed per annum). Throughout the 1990s, plants were unfastened in many European countries, including the Czech Republic, Germany and Sweden. France launched local production of biodiesel fuel (referred to as diester) from rapeseed oil, which is mixed into habitue diesel fuel at a level of 5%, and into the diesel fuel used by some captive fleets (e. g. public transportation) at a level of 30%. Renault, Peugeot and former(a) manufacturers have as sured truck engines for use with up to that level of set forthial biodiesel experiments with 50% biodiesel are underway.During the same period, nations in separate parts of the world also saw local production of biodiesel starting up by 1998 the Austrian Biofuels Institute had identified 21 countries with commercial biodiesel projects. 100% Biodiesel is now available at many ruler service stations across Europe. In September of 2005 Minnesota became the first U. S. state to mandate that all in all diesel fuel s older in the state contain part biodiesel, requiring a content of at least 2% biodiesel. History of biodiesel in Malaysia One such fuel, which has been gaining prominence in recent years, is biofuel. slap-up and renewable, biofuel has been touted as the answer to the issue of the diminishing of energy militia. It was led by Yang.Berbahagia Tan Sri Datuk Dr Yusof Basiron, former manager General of MPOB, MPOB has been the pioneer and is at the forefront in researching in to ornamentation biodiesel project. Since the 1980s, MPOB in collaboration with the local oil giant, PETRONAS, has begun to develop a patented technology to transform crude handle oil into a feasible diesel substitute. This process involves the transesterification of crude treat oil into ribbon oil methyl esters or do by biodiesel. It has also been successfully demonstrated in a 3000 tonnes per year pilot plant located in the MPOB headquarters. ornamentation biodiesel has been systematically and exhaustively evaluated as diesel fuel substitute from 1983 to 1994.These included laboratory evaluation, nonmoving engine testing and field of view trials on a large number of vehicles including taxis, trucks, passenger cars and buses. Exhaustive field trials with 30 Mercedes Benz of Germany mounted onto passenger buses have been successfully completed with each bus covered 300,000 km, the expect life of the engines. Biodiesel in Malaysia In Malaysia, biodiesel called the Envo Diese l was launched by the Prime Minister Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi on Tuesday 22 marching 2006. Malaysia currently produces 500,000 tonnes of biofuel annually and the government hopes to increase this number this year. Envo diesel blends 5% processed palm oil (vegetable oil) with 95% petrodiesel. In contrast, EUs B5 blends 5% methyl ester with 95% petrodiesel.Diesel engine manufacturers prefer the use of palm oil methyl ester blends as diesel engines are designed to handle 5% methyl esters encounter the EN14214 biodiesel standard, which palm oil cannot meet. Malaysia announced that it will build three plants to produce biodiesel from palm oil, as part of efforts to reduce its dependency on foreign oil and increase demand for domestically produced palm oil. Palm biodiesel is set to become a viable alternative to petroleum diesel, Commodities Minister Peter Chin Fah Kui told an supranational palm oil congress in Kuala Lumpur. Palm biodiesel is attractive when oil is above $43 he added. Crude oil is currently trading around $65 a barrel.With fossil oil fuel becoming lesser and lesser and ultimately depleting the world over, it might be wise for Malaysia to adopt and execute the use of these renewable fuel visions early, as such the national oil company, PETRONAS, must take the inaugural initiative first to tap this resource by making research on the unify palm oil diesel with fossil diesel to the best possible combination so that all diesel engines in this countrified could start using this blend or just purely palm oil bio-diesel which has been found to be an equally efficient and effective replacement. The initiative will be the first in the world on a national scale, since Malaysia is a gross producer and net tradeer of both palm oil and also of fossil oil, on that point is no disadvantage whether Malaysia export less palm oil or more fossil oil which is value added in the form diesel and petrol. Whether or not it is economical or practical to im plement this is purely a matter of policy by the government.If export fossil diesel fuel to be consumed used in Malaysia alone including subsidies Malaysia could increase their foreign reserves and offset the opportunity cost created by the palm oil price fluctuation and direct export earnings from palm oil. This policy implementation should be long term and will benefit futurity generations of Malaysians because palm oil diesel cannot be depleted owing to the fact it is a renewable resource and when in use in diesel engines it will be environmentally friendly. Whereas fossil oil diesel can be depleted and also can cause environmental damage. The cost for producing palm oil diesel could be reduced if used cooking oil from big consumers like KFC, Mc Donalds and other fast food chains could contribute used cooking oil for recycling into diesel for custom by diesel engines.The cost of producing bio-diesel or palm oil diesel could be a divide compared to producing fossil diesel, as crude or palm oil of the lowest grade such as soap making fats and also palm oil sludge waste could be used and it could be converted easily into bio-diesel for engine consumption on a very large scale and if there is an economy of scale the production cost could be further reduced. much research have been do by others including the King of Thailand and the results observed have been proven to be viable and positive and therefore Malaysia should act on this policy of implementation as the first on the national scale to enjoy the economy of scale. In etrol engines, pure bio-ethanol has been found to be an efficient and effective alternative replacement for the petrol fuel or if necessary also by blending both with less of petrol and more of ethanol as engine fuels, the optimum combination ratio to be determined by further research for all types of petrol engines much research have also been done by others who have found this advantage, recently in china, a province which is a renow n corn producer has been successfully producing ethanol from old and outdated stock of corn for consumption by petrol engines in its pure form without blending on large scale, that is consumption by the whole province, they are also burning bio-residues wastes from the fermentations plants for distilling the alcohol ethanol.Bio-ethanol could be produced by a local company using proven foreign technology on a large scale, by using bio-mass from wood wastes from forest industries, plants wastes from orchard trimmings also all types of wastes from sugar, maize, tapioca, palm oil rubber plantations also from reeds, grass rice husks from padi fields garbage, rubbish and other wastes in the ultramodern waste disposal incinerators could fuel the distilling of the ethanol and also produce electricity if the excess heat could be further harnessed. most of our fossil petrol and fossil diesel to be used consumed in the country could then be exported to earn foreign exchange reserves or the fossil oil reserves themselves be preserved for our future generations or whichever way is truly feasible and viable. Savings and conservation of our innate resources and establishing of Malaysias own renewable non-depleting alternative resources of fuels could be achieved using the two methods said above if apply by the Malaysian government on a large scale basis could result with whole new industries that could offshoot from these initiatives.These initiatives could be realised to produce and distribute bio-ethanol and palm oil bio-diesel on a large scale, from biomass, made available from the said waste resources mentioned above, this will involve investments of about between US$1 billion to US$10 billion which Malaysia can attract outside investors interested in this program because of the large biomass waste resources available in Malaysia. The end products could even be exported to other countries lacking(p) such resources like for example Singapore at a price cheaper t han fossil fuel. Disadvantages of Biodiesel in Malaysia Projects requiring Malaysian and Indonesian palm oil as feedstock have been criticized by some environmental advocates.A hotshot of the Earth has published a report asserting that clearance of forests for oil-palm plantations is threatening some of the last habitat of the orangutan. Over the past decade, Malaysia has converted large tracts of tropical rainforest to palm oil plantations on the island of Borneo. Recently, some(prenominal) Malaysian firms were implicated in illegal burning in Indonesia that produced a polluting haze that choked residents of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysias stay old growth forests are, biologically, some of the richest on the planet and are home to a number of threaten species including forest elephants, rhinos, orangutans, tigers, monkeys, and tapir. The government has been working to encourage ecotourism but still struggles policing its own forests.